Shikonin (Synonyms: 紫草素; C.I. 75535; Isoarnebin 4)

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Shikonin 是中草药紫草的主要成分。Shikonin 是一种有效的 TMEM16A 氯化物通道 (chloride channel) 抑制剂，IC₅₀ 为 6.5 μM。Shikonin 是一种特异的丙酮酸激酶 M2 (PKM2) 抑制剂，还可以抑制 TNF-α 和 NF-κB途径。Shikonin 通过抑制糖酵解降低外泌体 (exosome) 的分泌。Shikonin 抑制 AIM2炎性体活化。

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Shikonin Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 517-89-5

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规格	价格	是否有货
10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO	￥440	In-stock
5 mg	￥250	In-stock
10 mg	￥400	In-stock
25 mg	￥800	In-stock
50 mg	￥1400	In-stock
100 mg	￥2300	In-stock
200 mg		询价
500 mg		询价

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Customer Review

Other Forms of Shikonin:

(Rac)-Shikonin In-stock
(-)-Alkannin In-stock
Alkannin 询价
Shikonin (Standard) 询价

MCE 顾客使用本产品发表的 35 篇科研文献

: Shikonin purchased from MCE. Usage Cited in: Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2018 Mar;96:9-19. [Abstract]; Hep3B cells are treated with 2 μmol Shikonin, 5-FU, BSNQ or OSNQ for different times (3, 6, 12 and 24 h), and stained with Annexin V and PI. The apoptotic cells are detected by fluorescence microscopy and quantified as percentages.

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生物活性
实验参考方法
纯度 & 产品资料
参考文献

生物活性

Shikonin is a major component of a Chinese herbal medicine named zicao. Shikonin is a potent TMEM16A chloride channel inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 6.5 μM^[1]. Shikonin is a specific pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) inhibitor^[2] and can also inhibit TNF-α and NF-κB pathway^[3]. Shikonin decreases exosome secretion through the inhibition of glycolysis^[4]. Shikonin inhibits AIM2 inflammasome activation^[7].

IC₅₀ & Target^[1]^[2]^[3]

TMEM16A chloride channel

6.5 μM (IC₅₀)

PKM2

NF-κB

细胞效力
(Cellular Effect)

Cell Line	Type	Value	Description	References
A549	IC₅₀	1.708 μM Compound: Shikonin	Antiproliferative activity against human A549 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human A549 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 35367708]
A549	IC₅₀	1.8 μM Compound: Shikonin	Anticancer activity against human A549 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay Anticancer activity against human A549 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 35367708]
A549	IC₅₀	10.25 μM Compound: Shikonin	Antiproliferative activity against human A549 cells incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human A549 cells incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 32035399]
A549	IC₅₀	10.37 μM Compound: Shikonin	Antiproliferative activity against human A549 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human A549 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 35367708]
A549	IC₅₀	11.68 μM Compound: Shikonin	Antiproliferative activity against human A549 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 24 hrs in presence of foetal bovine serum by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human A549 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 24 hrs in presence of foetal bovine serum by MTT assay	[PMID: 35367708]
A549	IC₅₀	16 μM Compound: Shikonin	Inhibition of topoisomerase 2 in human A549 cells assessed as reduction in cell growth measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay Inhibition of topoisomerase 2 in human A549 cells assessed as reduction in cell growth measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 30846253]
A549	IC₅₀	2.51 μM Compound: Shikonin	Antiproliferative activity against human A549 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation incubated for 20 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human A549 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation incubated for 20 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 35367708]
A549	IC₅₀	3.13 μM Compound: Shikonin	Antiproliferative activity against human A549 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human A549 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 35367708]
A549	IC₅₀	3.37 μM Compound: SK	Antiproliferative activity against human A549 cells by CCK8 assay Antiproliferative activity against human A549 cells by CCK8 assay	[PMID: 34922028]
A549	IC₅₀	3.53 μM Compound: Shikonin	Antiproliferative activity against human A549 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human A549 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 29268130]
A549	IC₅₀	5.06 μM Compound: Shikonin	Anticancer activity against human A549 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay Anticancer activity against human A549 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 35367708]
A549	IC₅₀	6.13 μM Compound: Shikonin	Antiproliferative activity against human A549 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 24 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human A549 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 31648877]
A549	IC₅₀	6.5 μM Compound: Shikonin	Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 24 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 31404864]
A549	IC₅₀	7.3 μM Compound: 1	Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 24 hrs by CellTiter-Glo luminescent cell viability assay Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 24 hrs by CellTiter-Glo luminescent cell viability assay	[PMID: 31563013]
A549	IC₅₀	7.73 μM Compound: Shikonin	Antiproliferative activity against human A549 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation incubated for 24 hrs by CCK-8 assay Antiproliferative activity against human A549 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation incubated for 24 hrs by CCK-8 assay	[PMID: 35367708]
B16-F10	IC₅₀	17.9 μM Compound: Shikonin	Antiproliferative activity against mouse B16-F10 cells incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against mouse B16-F10 cells incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 35367708]
B16-F10	IC₅₀	3.72 μM Compound: Shikonin	Anticancer activity against mouse B16-F10 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay Anticancer activity against mouse B16-F10 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 35367708]
BEAS-2B	IC₅₀	5.36 μM Compound: Shikonin	Cytotoxicity against human BEAS2B cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 48 hrs by MTS assay Cytotoxicity against human BEAS2B cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 48 hrs by MTS assay	[PMID: 28688274]
Bel-7402	IC₅₀	1.24 μM Compound: Shikonin	Cytotoxicity against human Bel7402 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human Bel7402 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 29174813]
Bel-7402	IC₅₀	54.5 μM Compound: Shikonin	Cytotoxicity against human Bel7402 cells by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human Bel7402 cells by MTT assay	[PMID: 18996624]
BT-474	IC₅₀	5.74 μM Compound: Shikonin	Antiproliferative activity against human BT-474 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 24 hrs in presence of foetal bovine serum by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human BT-474 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 24 hrs in presence of foetal bovine serum by MTT assay	[PMID: 35367708]
Ca9-22	IC₅₀	12.81 μM Compound: Shikonin	Cytotoxicity against human Ca9-22 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human Ca9-22 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 35367708]
Ca9-22	IC₅₀	13.59 μM Compound: Shikonin	Cytotoxicity against human Ca9-22 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human Ca9-22 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 35367708]
Calu-3	IC₅₀	7.22 μM Compound: SK	Antiproliferative activity against human Calu-3 cells by CCK8 assay Antiproliferative activity against human Calu-3 cells by CCK8 assay	[PMID: 34922028]
CNE	IC₅₀	0.7 μM Compound: 1	Antitumor activity against human CNE cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay Antitumor activity against human CNE cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 21620530]
DU-145	IC₅₀	16 μM Compound: Shikonin	Anticancer activity against human DU-145 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay Anticancer activity against human DU-145 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 35367708]
DU-145	IC₅₀	16 μM Compound: SK	Cytotoxicity against human DU145 cells by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human DU145 cells by MTT assay	[PMID: 25127868]
Fibroblast	IC₅₀	1.2 μM Compound: Shikonin	Cytotoxicity against human skin fibroblast cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human skin fibroblast cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 35367708]
Fibroblast	IC₅₀	1.2 μM Compound: SK	Cytotoxicity against human skin fibroblast cells by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human skin fibroblast cells by MTT assay	[PMID: 25127868]
Fibroblast	IC₅₀	1.24 μM Compound: Shikonin	Cytotoxicity against human skin fibroblast cells incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human skin fibroblast cells incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 35367708]
HCT-116	IC₅₀	0.23 μM Compound: 10	Cytotoxicity against MDR1 Pgp under-expressing human HCT116 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against MDR1 Pgp under-expressing human HCT116 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 17949858]
HCT-116	IC₅₀	1.84 μM Compound: Shikonin	Antiproliferative activity against human HCT116 cells after 48 hrs by MTS assay Antiproliferative activity against human HCT116 cells after 48 hrs by MTS assay	[PMID: 28688274]
HCT-116	IC₅₀	2.47 μM Compound: Shikonin	Antiproliferative activity against human HCT116 cells incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human HCT116 cells incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 32035399]
HCT-15	IC₅₀	0.86 μM Compound: Shikonin	Cytotoxicity against human HCT15 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human HCT15 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 29174813]
HCT-15	IC₅₀	0.86 μM Compound: Shikonin	Cytotoxicity against human HCT15 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human HCT15 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 30677614]
HCT-15	IC₅₀	0.94 μM Compound: Shikonin	Anticancer activity against human HCT-15 cells incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay Anticancer activity against human HCT-15 cells incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 35367708]
HCT-15	IC₅₀	7.3 μM Compound: 1	Antitumor activity against human HCT15 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay Antitumor activity against human HCT15 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 21620530]
HCT-8	IC₅₀	9.2 μM Compound: Shikonin	Antiproliferative activity against human HCT-8 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation incubated for 24 hrs by CCK-8 assay Antiproliferative activity against human HCT-8 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation incubated for 24 hrs by CCK-8 assay	[PMID: 35367708]
HEK-293T	IC₅₀	1.52 μM Compound: Shikonin	Cytotoxicity against human HEK293T cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human HEK293T cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 35367708]
HEK-293T	IC₅₀	1.52 μM Compound: Shikonin	Cytotoxicity against HEK293T cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 24 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against HEK293T cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 31404864]
HEK-293T	IC₅₀	62.76 μM Compound: Shikonin	Antiproliferative activity against human 293T cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human 293T cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 29268130]
HEK-293T	CC₅₀	7 μM Compound: Shikonin	Antiproliferative activity against human HEK293T cells incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human HEK293T cells incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 32035399]
HEK-293T	IC₅₀	9.27 μM Compound: Shikonin	Cytotoxicity against human HEK293T cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 24 hrs in presence of foetal bovine serum by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human HEK293T cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 24 hrs in presence of foetal bovine serum by MTT assay	[PMID: 35367708]
HeLa	IC₅₀	11.07 μM Compound: Shikonin	Antiproliferative activity against human HeLa cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation incubated for 24 hrs by CCK-8 assay Antiproliferative activity against human HeLa cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation incubated for 24 hrs by CCK-8 assay	[PMID: 35367708]
HeLa	IC₅₀	13.39 μM Compound: 1a	Cytotoxicity agaisnt human HeLa cells by SRB assay Cytotoxicity agaisnt human HeLa cells by SRB assay	[PMID: 19111464]
HeLa	IC₅₀	2.45 μM Compound: Shikonin	Antiproliferative activity against human HeLa cells after 48 hrs by MTS assay Antiproliferative activity against human HeLa cells after 48 hrs by MTS assay	[PMID: 28688274]
HeLa	IC₅₀	2.818 μM Compound: Shikonin	Antiproliferative activity against human HeLa cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human HeLa cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 35367708]
HeLa	IC₅₀	3.11 μM Compound: Shikonin	Antiproliferative activity against human HeLa cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation incubated for 20 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human HeLa cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation incubated for 20 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 35367708]
HeLa	IC₅₀	4.8 μM Compound: Shikonin	Anticancer activity against human HeLa cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay Anticancer activity against human HeLa cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 35367708]
HeLa	IC₅₀	5.75 μM Compound: Shikonin	Antiproliferative activity against human HeLa cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human HeLa cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 35367708]
HeLa	IC₅₀	6.42 μM Compound: Shikonin	Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells assessed as reduction in cell growth after 72 hrs by cell titer glo assay Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells assessed as reduction in cell growth after 72 hrs by cell titer glo assay	[PMID: 27080175]
HeLa	IC₅₀	6.44 μM Compound: Shikonin	Antiproliferative activity against human HeLa cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 24 hrs in presence of foetal bovine serum by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human HeLa cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 24 hrs in presence of foetal bovine serum by MTT assay	[PMID: 35367708]
HeLa	IC₅₀	6.5 μM Compound: Shikonin	Antiproliferative activity against human HeLa cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human HeLa cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 35367708]
HeLa	IC₅₀	6.5 μM Compound: Shikonin	Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 24 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 31404864]
HeLa	IC₅₀	6.7 μM Compound: Shikonin	Inhibition of topoisomerase 2 in human HeLa cells assessed as reduction in cell growth measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay Inhibition of topoisomerase 2 in human HeLa cells assessed as reduction in cell growth measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 30846253]
HeLa	IC₅₀	6.86 μM Compound: Shikonin	Antiproliferative activity against human HeLa cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human HeLa cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 29268130]
HeLa	IC₅₀	7.84 μM Compound: Shikonin	Antiproliferative activity against human HeLa cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 24 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human HeLa cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 31648877]
HeLa	IC₅₀	9.23 μM Compound: SK	Antiproliferative activity against human HeLa cells by CCK8 assay Antiproliferative activity against human HeLa cells by CCK8 assay	[PMID: 34922028]
HepG2	IC₅₀	0.24 μM Compound: 10	Cytotoxicity against MDR1 Pgp overexpressing human HepG2 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against MDR1 Pgp overexpressing human HepG2 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 17949858]
HepG2	IC₅₀	0.42 μM Compound: Shikonin	Anticancer activity against human HepG2 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay Anticancer activity against human HepG2 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 35367708]
HepG2	IC₅₀	0.92 μM Compound: Shikonin	Antiproliferative activity against human HepG2 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation incubated for 20 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human HepG2 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation incubated for 20 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 35367708]
HepG2	IC₅₀	1.288 μM Compound: Shikonin	Antiproliferative activity against human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 35367708]
HepG2	IC₅₀	2.73 μM Compound: Shikonin	Antiproliferative activity against human HepG2 cells incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human HepG2 cells incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 35367708]
HepG2	IC₅₀	2.92 μM Compound: Shikonin	Antiproliferative activity against human HepG2 cells incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human HepG2 cells incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 32035399]
HepG2	IC₅₀	6.2 μM Compound: Shikonin	Inhibition of topoisomerase 2 in human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in cell growth measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay Inhibition of topoisomerase 2 in human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in cell growth measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 30846253]
HepG2	IC₅₀	6.92 μM Compound: Shikonin	Antiproliferative activity against human HepG2 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human HepG2 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 29268130]
HepG2	IC₅₀	9.36 μM Compound: Shikonin	Antiproliferative activity against human HepG2 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human HepG2 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 35367708]
HFF-1	IC₅₀	< 5 μM Compound: 1	Cytotoxicity against HFF-1 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition measured after 24 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against HFF-1 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition measured after 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 34438124]
HL-60	IC₅₀	0.44 μM Compound: 1a	Cytotoxicity against human HL60 cells by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human HL60 cells by MTT assay	[PMID: 19111464]
HL-60	IC₅₀	1.03 μM Compound: SH	Cytotoxicity against human HL60 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human HL60 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 20403646]
HL-60	IC₅₀	1.2 μM Compound: 1	Cytotoxicity against human HL60 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 24 hrs by CellTiter-Glo luminescent cell viability assay Cytotoxicity against human HL60 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 24 hrs by CellTiter-Glo luminescent cell viability assay	[PMID: 31563013]
HL60/ADR	IC₅₀	1.41 μM Compound: SH	Cytotoxicity against human HL60/ADR cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human HL60/ADR cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 20403646]
HT-29	IC₅₀	15.8 μM Compound: 1	Cytotoxicity against human HT-29 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human HT-29 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 20970893]
HT-29	IC₅₀	16.7 μM Compound: Shikonin	Cytotoxicity against human HT-29 cells by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human HT-29 cells by MTT assay	[PMID: 18996624]
HT-29	IC₅₀	2.8 μM Compound: Shikonin	Antiproliferative activity against human HT29 cells incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human HT29 cells incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 32035399]
Jurkat	IC₅₀	0.97 μM Compound: 1	Cytotoxicity against human Jurkat cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 24 hrs by CellTiter-Glo luminescent cell viability assay Cytotoxicity against human Jurkat cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 24 hrs by CellTiter-Glo luminescent cell viability assay	[PMID: 31563013]
K562	IC₅₀	0.6 μM Compound: 1	Cytotoxicity against human K562 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human K562 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 20970893]
K562	IC₅₀	0.63 μM Compound: SH	Cytotoxicity against human K562 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human K562 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 20403646]
K562	IC₅₀	0.7 μM Compound: Shikonin	Anticancer activity against human K562 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay Anticancer activity against human K562 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 35367708]
K562	IC₅₀	0.7 μM Compound: SK	Cytotoxicity against human K562 cells by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human K562 cells by MTT assay	[PMID: 25127868]
K562	IC₅₀	1.02 μM Compound: Shikonin	Cytotoxicity against human K562 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human K562 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 30677614]
K562	IC₅₀	120.54 μM Compound: Shikonin	Antiproliferative activity against drug resistant human K562 cells incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against drug resistant human K562 cells incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 32035399]
K562	IC₅₀	20.29 μM Compound: Shikonin	Antiproliferative activity against human K562 cells incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human K562 cells incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 32035399]
K562/Adr	IC₅₀	0.67 μM Compound: SH	Cytotoxicity against human K562/ADR cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human K562/ADR cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 20403646]
L02	IC₅₀	10.45 μM Compound: Shikonin	Cytotoxicity against human L02 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human L02 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 35367708]
L02	IC₅₀	10.52 μM Compound: Shikonin	Cytotoxicity against human L02 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 24 hrs in presence of foetal bovine serum by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human L02 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 24 hrs in presence of foetal bovine serum by MTT assay	[PMID: 35367708]
L02	CC₅₀	11.77 μM Compound: Shikonin	Antiproliferative activity against human LO2 cells incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human LO2 cells incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 32035399]
L02	CC₅₀	12.2 μM Compound: Shikonin	Cytotoxicity against human LO2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 24 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human LO2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 31648877]
L02	IC₅₀	13 μM Compound: Shikonin	Cytotoxicity against human L02 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human L02 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 30846253]
L02	IC₅₀	3.257 μM Compound: Shikonin	Cytotoxicity against human L02 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human L02 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 35367708]
L02	IC₅₀	3.41 μM Compound: Shikonin	Antiproliferative activity against human LO2 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human LO2 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 29268130]
L02	IC₅₀	5.12 μM Compound: SK	Cytotoxicity against human L02 cells by CCK8 assay Cytotoxicity against human L02 cells by CCK8 assay	[PMID: 34922028]
L02	IC₅₀	6.22 μM Compound: Shikonin	Cytotoxicity against human L02 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 24 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human L02 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 31404864]
L02	IC₅₀	65.34 μM Compound: Shikonin	Antiproliferative activity against human L02 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation incubated for 20 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human L02 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation incubated for 20 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 35367708]
L02	IC₅₀	83.8 μM Compound: Shikonin	Cytotoxicity against human L02 incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human L02 incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 35367708]
L929	IC₅₀	3.2 μM Compound: 1	Cytotoxicity against mouse L929 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against mouse L929 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 21620530]
LS174T	IC₅₀	8.9 μM Compound: 1	Cytotoxicity against human LS174T cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 24 hrs by CellTiter-Glo luminescent cell viability assay Cytotoxicity against human LS174T cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 24 hrs by CellTiter-Glo luminescent cell viability assay	[PMID: 31563013]
MCF10	IC₅₀	4.56 μM Compound: Shikonin	Cytotoxicity against human MCF10 cells assessed as reduction in cell growth after 72 hrs by cell titer glo assay Cytotoxicity against human MCF10 cells assessed as reduction in cell growth after 72 hrs by cell titer glo assay	[PMID: 27080175]
MCF-10A	IC₅₀	20.94 μM Compound: Shikonin	Cytotoxicity against human MCF-10A cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation incubated for 24 hrs by CCK-8 assay Cytotoxicity against human MCF-10A cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation incubated for 24 hrs by CCK-8 assay	[PMID: 35367708]
MCF-10A	IC₅₀	23.5 μM Compound: Shikonin	Cytotoxicity against human MCF-10A assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 24 hrs in presence of foetal bovine serum by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human MCF-10A assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 24 hrs in presence of foetal bovine serum by MTT assay	[PMID: 35367708]
MCF-10A	IC₅₀	93.4 μM Compound: Shikonin	Cytotoxicity against human MCF-10A incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human MCF-10A incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 35367708]
MCF7	IC₅₀	1.03 μM Compound: Shikonin	Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation incubated for 20 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation incubated for 20 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 35367708]
MCF7	IC₅₀	1.45 μM Compound: SH	Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 20403646]
MCF7	IC₅₀	1.8 μM Compound: Shikonin	Anticancer activity against human MCF7 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay Anticancer activity against human MCF7 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 35367708]
MCF7	IC₅₀	1.8 μM Compound: SK	Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells by MTT assay	[PMID: 25127868]
MCF7	IC₅₀	1.9 μM Compound: 1	Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 20970893]
MCF7	IC₅₀	2.11 μM Compound: Shikonin	Anticancer activity against human MCF7 cells incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay Anticancer activity against human MCF7 cells incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 35367708]
MCF7	IC₅₀	2.4 μM Compound: Shikonin	Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 29174813]
MCF7	IC₅₀	2.7 μM Compound: 1	Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 24 hrs by CellTiter-Glo luminescent cell viability assay Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 24 hrs by CellTiter-Glo luminescent cell viability assay	[PMID: 31563013]
MCF7	IC₅₀	23.41 μM Compound: Shikonin	Antiproliferative activity against drug-resistant human MCF7 cells incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against drug-resistant human MCF7 cells incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 32035399]
MCF7	IC₅₀	23.6 μM Compound: Shikonin	Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 35367708]
MCF7	IC₅₀	4.57 μM Compound: Shikonin	Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 24 hrs in presence of foetal bovine serum by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 24 hrs in presence of foetal bovine serum by MTT assay	[PMID: 35367708]
MCF7	IC₅₀	4.99 μM Compound: Shikonin	Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 35367708]
MCF7	IC₅₀	5.4 μM Compound: Shikonin	Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 32035399]
MCF7	IC₅₀	5.49 μM Compound: Shikonin	Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells assessed as reduction in cell growth after 72 hrs by cell titer glo assay Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells assessed as reduction in cell growth after 72 hrs by cell titer glo assay	[PMID: 27080175]
MCF7	IC₅₀	5.7 μM Compound: Shikonin	Inhibition of topoisomerase 2 in human MCF7 cells assessed as reduction in cell growth measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay Inhibition of topoisomerase 2 in human MCF7 cells assessed as reduction in cell growth measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 30846253]
MCF7	IC₅₀	6.5 μM Compound: Shikonin	Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 24 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 31404864]
MCF7	IC₅₀	7.75 μM Compound: Shikonin	Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 35367708]
MCF7	IC₅₀	8.32 μM Compound: SK	Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells by CCK8 assay Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells by CCK8 assay	[PMID: 34922028]
MCF7	IC₅₀	9.32 μM Compound: Shikonin	Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation incubated for 24 hrs by CCK-8 assay Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation incubated for 24 hrs by CCK-8 assay	[PMID: 35367708]
MCF7	IC₅₀	9.55 μM Compound: Shikonin	Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 24 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 31648877]
MDA-MB-231	IC₅₀	1.58 μM Compound: SK	Antiproliferative activity against human MDA-MB-231 cells by CCK8 assay Antiproliferative activity against human MDA-MB-231 cells by CCK8 assay	[PMID: 34922028]
MDA-MB-231	IC₅₀	108 μM Compound: Shikonin	Antiproliferative activity against human MDA-MB-231 cells incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human MDA-MB-231 cells incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 35367708]
MDA-MB-231	IC₅₀	2.77 μM Compound: Shikonin	Antiproliferative activity against human MDA-MB-231 cells incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human MDA-MB-231 cells incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 32035399]
MDA-MB-231	IC₅₀	2.88 μM Compound: Shikonin	Antiproliferative activity against human MDA-MB-231 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 24 hrs in presence of foetal bovine serum by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human MDA-MB-231 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 24 hrs in presence of foetal bovine serum by MTT assay	[PMID: 35367708]
MDA-MB-231	IC₅₀	3.94 μM Compound: Shikonin	Cytotoxicity against human MDA-MB-231 cells assessed as reduction in cell growth after 72 hrs by cell titer glo assay Cytotoxicity against human MDA-MB-231 cells assessed as reduction in cell growth after 72 hrs by cell titer glo assay	[PMID: 27080175]
MDA-MB-231	IC₅₀	6.5 μM Compound: Shikonin	Cytotoxicity against human MDA-MB-231 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 24 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human MDA-MB-231 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 31404864]
MDA-MB-231	IC₅₀	6.6 μM Compound: 1	Antitumor activity against human MDA-MB-231 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay Antitumor activity against human MDA-MB-231 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 21620530]
MDA-MB-231	IC₅₀	7.62 μM Compound: Shikonin	Antiproliferative activity against human MDA-MB-231 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation incubated for 24 hrs by CCK-8 assay Antiproliferative activity against human MDA-MB-231 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation incubated for 24 hrs by CCK-8 assay	[PMID: 35367708]
MDA-MB-231	IC₅₀	7.8 μM Compound: Shikonin	Inhibition of topoisomerase 2 in human MDA-MB-231 cells assessed as reduction in cell growth measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay Inhibition of topoisomerase 2 in human MDA-MB-231 cells assessed as reduction in cell growth measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 30846253]
MDA-MB-231	IC₅₀	8.75 μM Compound: Shikonin	Antiproliferative activity against human MDA231 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human MDA231 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 29268130]
MDA-MB-231	IC₅₀	8.98 μM Compound: Shikonin	Antiproliferative activity against human MDA-MB-231 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human MDA-MB-231 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 35367708]
MDA-MB-436	IC₅₀	3.61 μM Compound: Shikonin	Antiproliferative activity against human MDA-MB-436 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 24 hrs in presence of foetal bovine serum by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human MDA-MB-436 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 24 hrs in presence of foetal bovine serum by MTT assay	[PMID: 35367708]
MDA-MB-468	IC₅₀	3.28 μM Compound: Shikonin	Antiproliferative activity against human MDA-MB-468 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 24 hrs in presence of foetal bovine serum by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human MDA-MB-468 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 24 hrs in presence of foetal bovine serum by MTT assay	[PMID: 35367708]
MG-63	IC₅₀	5.67 μM Compound: Shikonin	Anticancer activity against human MG-63 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay Anticancer activity against human MG-63 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 35367708]
MG-63	IC₅₀	7.36 μM Compound: Shikonin	Antiproliferative activity against human MG-63 cells incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human MG-63 cells incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 35367708]
MGC-803	IC₅₀	1.28 μM Compound: Shikonin	Anticancer activity against human MGC-803 cells incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay Anticancer activity against human MGC-803 cells incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 35367708]
MGC-803	IC₅₀	1.51 μM Compound: Shikonin	Cytotoxicity against human MGC803 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human MGC803 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 29174813]
MGC-803	IC₅₀	1.51 μM Compound: Shikonin	Cytotoxicity against human MGC803 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human MGC803 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 30677614]
MIA PaCa-2	IC₅₀	0.04 μM Compound: Shikonin	Cytotoxicity against human MIAPaCa2 cells assessed as reduction in cell growth after 72 hrs by cell titer glo assay Cytotoxicity against human MIAPaCa2 cells assessed as reduction in cell growth after 72 hrs by cell titer glo assay	[PMID: 27080175]
MONO-MAC-6	IC₅₀	2.6 μM Compound: 1	Cytotoxicity against human MONO-MAC-6 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 24 hrs by CellTiter-Glo luminescent cell viability assay Cytotoxicity against human MONO-MAC-6 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 24 hrs by CellTiter-Glo luminescent cell viability assay	[PMID: 31563013]
NCI/ADR-RES	IC₅₀	1.65 μM Compound: SH	Cytotoxicity against human MCF7/ADR cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human MCF7/ADR cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 20403646]
NCI-H1299	IC₅₀	1.88 μM Compound: Shikonin	Antiproliferative activity against human NCI-H1299 cells after 48 hrs by MTS assay Antiproliferative activity against human NCI-H1299 cells after 48 hrs by MTS assay	[PMID: 28688274]
NCI-H1650	IC₅₀	8.32 μM Compound: SK	Antiproliferative activity against human H1650 cells by CCK8 assay Antiproliferative activity against human H1650 cells by CCK8 assay	[PMID: 34922028]
NCI-H1975	IC₅₀	4.28 μM Compound: Shikonin	Antiproliferative activity against human NCI-H1975 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 24 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human NCI-H1975 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 31648877]
NCI-H460	IC₅₀	5.04 μM Compound: Shikonin	Antiproliferative activity against human H460 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 24 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human H460 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 31648877]
NCI-H460	IC₅₀	7.57 μM Compound: SK	Antiproliferative activity against human H460 cells by CCK8 assay Antiproliferative activity against human H460 cells by CCK8 assay	[PMID: 34922028]
PBMC	IC₅₀	5 μM Compound: 1	Cytotoxicity against human PBMC cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 24 hrs by CellTiter-Glo luminescent cell viability assay Cytotoxicity against human PBMC cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 24 hrs by CellTiter-Glo luminescent cell viability assay	[PMID: 31563013]
SCC-4	IC₅₀	10.1 μM Compound: Shikonin	Antiproliferative activity against human SCC-4 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human SCC-4 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 35367708]
Sf9	IC₅₀	139.2 nM Compound: Shikonin	Inhibition of C-terminal His-tagged N-terminal GST-tagged human EGFR (668 to 1210 residues) expressed in baculovirus infected Sf9 cells after 30 mins in presence of gamma-[32p-ATP] binding assay Inhibition of C-terminal His-tagged N-terminal GST-tagged human EGFR (668 to 1210 residues) expressed in baculovirus infected Sf9 cells after 30 mins in presence of gamma-[32p-ATP] binding assay	[PMID: 31648877]
SK-BR-3	IC₅₀	3.75 μM Compound: Shikonin	Antiproliferative activity against human SK-BR-3 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 24 hrs in presence of foetal bovine serum by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human SK-BR-3 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 24 hrs in presence of foetal bovine serum by MTT assay	[PMID: 35367708]
SW872	IC₅₀	0.76 μM Compound: Shikonin	Anticancer activity against human SW872 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay Anticancer activity against human SW872 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 35367708]
SW982	IC₅₀	2.8 μM Compound: 1	Cytotoxicity against human SW982 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 24 hrs by CellTiter-Glo luminescent cell viability assay Cytotoxicity against human SW982 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 24 hrs by CellTiter-Glo luminescent cell viability assay	[PMID: 31563013]
THP-1	IC₅₀	0.82 μM Compound: 1	Cytotoxicity against human THP1 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 24 hrs by CellTiter-Glo luminescent cell viability assay Cytotoxicity against human THP1 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 24 hrs by CellTiter-Glo luminescent cell viability assay	[PMID: 31563013]
U-937	IC₅₀	1.2 μM Compound: 1	Cytotoxicity against human U937 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 24 hrs by CellTiter-Glo luminescent cell viability assay Cytotoxicity against human U937 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 24 hrs by CellTiter-Glo luminescent cell viability assay	[PMID: 31563013]
Vero	IC₅₀	6.76 μM Compound: Shikonin	Cytotoxicity against African green monkey VERO cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against African green monkey VERO cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 35367708]
Vero	IC₅₀	6.76 μM Compound: Shikonin	Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero cells incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero cells incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 35367708]

体外研究
(In Vitro)

Shikonin 是 TMEM16A 氯离子通道的抑制剂，IC₅₀ 为 6.5 μM^[1]。Shikonin 也是 PKM2 的特异性抑制剂，也能抑制 TNF-α 并阻止 NF-κB 通路的激活。与对照组相比，浓度高于 50 μM 的 Shikonin 显著抑制正常人角质形成细胞 (NHK) 活力^[2]。用 Shikonin 预处理 2 小时可减弱 TNF-α 诱导的 NF-κB p65 核易位^[3]。用 5 和 7.5 μM Shikonin 处理从 12 小时开始显著抑制细胞活力，与两种细胞系中的 0 小时组相比，抑制作用呈时间依赖性模式。发现在 24 至 48 小时的时间点，5 μM Shikonin 比 2.5 μM Shikonin 表现出更强的抑制作用。与对照组相比，用 2.5、5 和 7.5 μM Shikonin 处理 24 和 48 小时后，U87 和 U251 细胞的侵袭性显著减弱^[4]。

MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

体内研究
(In Vivo)

与骨关节炎组比较，Shikonin 能明显抑制大鼠骨关节炎模型中 IL-1β 和 TNF-α 表达水平的升高；与骨关节炎组比较，Shikonin 能明显抑制大鼠骨关节炎模型中 NF-κB 蛋白表达水平的升高。与骨关节炎组相比，Shikonin 可抑制大鼠骨关节炎模型中 iNOS 水平的升高；与骨关节炎组相比，Shikonin 可显著减弱大鼠骨关节炎模型中 COX-2 蛋白表达的上调；与骨关节炎组相比，Shikonin 可显著降低大鼠骨关节炎模型中 caspase-3 活性的升高；与骨关节炎组相比，Shikonin 可显著恢复Akt磷酸化的下调^[5]。

MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

分子量

288.30

Formula

C₁₆H₁₆O₅

CAS 号

517-89-5

性状

固体

颜色

Brown to reddish brown

中文名称

紫草素

结构分类

初始来源

运输条件

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

储存方式

Powder	-20°C	3 years
	4°C	2 years
In solvent	-80°C	6 months
	-20°C	1 month

溶解性数据

细胞实验：

DMSO 中的溶解度 : 125 mg/mL (433.58 mM; 超声助溶; 吸湿的 DMSO 对产品的溶解度有显著影响，请使用新开封的 DMSO)

配制储备液

浓度溶剂体积质量	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg

1 mM	3.4686 mL	17.3430 mL	34.6861 mL
5 mM	0.6937 mL	3.4686 mL	6.9372 mL
10 mM	0.3469 mL	1.7343 mL	3.4686 mL

查看完整储备液配制表

* 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。
储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month。-80°C储存时，请在6个月内使用，-20°C储存时，请在1个月内使用。

摩尔计算器
稀释计算器

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Concentration _(start) × Volume _(start) = Concentration _(final) × Volume _(final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C₁V₁ = C₂V₂

浓度 _(start)

体积 _(start)

浓度 _(final)

体积 _(final)

动物实验：

请根据您的实验动物和给药方式选择适当的溶解方案。

以下溶解方案都请先按照 In Vitro 方式配制澄清的储备液，再依次添加助溶剂：
——为保证实验结果的可靠性，澄清的储备液可以根据储存条件，适当保存；体内实验的工作液，建议您现用现配，当天使用；
以下溶剂前显示的百分比是指该溶剂在您配制终溶液中的体积占比；如在配制过程中出现沉淀、析出现象，可以通过加热和/或超声的方式助溶

方案一

请依序添加每种溶剂： 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (7.21 mM); 澄清溶液

此方案可获得 ≥ 2.08 mg/mL（饱和度未知）的澄清溶液。
以 1 mL 工作液为例，取 100 μL 20.8 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 400 μL PEG300 中，混合均匀；再向上述体系中加入 50 μL Tween-80，混合均匀；然后再继续加入 450 μL 生理盐水定容至 1 mL。
生理盐水的配制：将 0.9 g 氯化钠，溶解于 ddH₂O 并定容至 100 mL，可以得到澄清透明的生理盐水溶液。
方案二

请依序添加每种溶剂： 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (7.21 mM); 澄清溶液

此方案可获得 ≥ 2.08 mg/mL（饱和度未知）的澄清溶液。
以 1 mL 工作液为例，取 100 μL 20.8 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 900 μL 20% 的 SBE-β-CD 生理盐水水溶液中，混合均匀。
2 g SBE-β-CD（磺丁基醚 β-环糊精）粉末定容于 10 mL 的生理盐水中，完全溶解至澄清透明。
方案三

请依序添加每种溶剂： 10% DMSO 90% Corn Oil
Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (7.21 mM); 澄清溶液

此方案可获得 ≥ 2.08 mg/mL（饱和度未知）的澄清溶液，此方案实验周期在半个月以上的动物实验酌情使用。
以 1 mL 工作液为例，取 100 μL 20.8 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 900 μL玉米油中，混合均匀。

以下溶解方案，请直接配制工作液。建议现用现配，在短期内尽快用完。以下溶剂前显示的百分比是指该溶剂在您配制终溶液中的体积占比；如在配制过程中出现沉淀、析出现象，可以通过加热和/或超声的方式助溶。

方案一

请依序添加每种溶剂： 0.5% CMC-Na/saline water
Solubility: 30 mg/mL (104.06 mM); 悬浊液; 超声助溶

动物溶解方案计算器

请输入动物实验的基本信息：

给药剂量

mg/kg

动物的平均体重

每只动物的给药体积

μL

动物数量

只

由于实验过程有损耗，建议您多配一只动物的量

请输入您的动物体内配方组成：

DMSO +

Tween-80 +

Saline

如果您的动物是免疫缺陷鼠或者体弱鼠，建议 DMSO 中的在最后工作液体系中的占比尽量不超过 2%。

方案所需 助溶剂 包括：DMSO，，均可在 MCE 网站选购。，Tween 80，均可在 MCE 网站选购。

计算结果

工作液所需浓度 : mg/mL

储备液配制方法 : mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO（母液浓度为 mg/mL）。

您所需的储备液浓度超过该产品的实测溶解度，以下方案仅供参考，如有需要，请与 MCE 中国技术支持联系。

动物实验体内工作液的配制方法 : 取 μL DMSO 储备液，加入 μL 。 μL ，混合均匀至澄清，再加 μL Tween 80，混合均匀至澄清，再加 μL 生理盐水。

连续给药周期超过半月以上，请谨慎选择该方案。

请确保第一步储备液溶解至澄清状态，从左到右依次添加助溶剂。您可采用超声加热（超声清洗仪，建议频次 20-40 kHz），涡旋吹打等方式辅助溶解。

纯度 & 产品资料

纯度: 99.80%

选择批次：

Data Sheet (653 KB) SDS (393 KB)

COA (287 KB) HNMR (206 KB) LCMS (123 KB)

产品使用指南 (1538 KB)

参考文献

[1]. Jiang Y et al. Shikonin Inhibits Intestinal Calcium-Activated Chloride Channels and Prevents Rotaviral Diarrhea. Front Pharmacol. 2016 Aug 23;7:270. [Content Brief]

[2]. Li W, et al. Shikonin Suppresses Skin Carcinogenesis via Inhibiting Cell Proliferation. PLoS One. 2015 May 11;10(5):e0126459. [Content Brief]

[3]. Yan Y, et al. Shikonin Promotes Skin Cell Proliferation and Inhibits Nuclear Factor-κB Translocation via Proteasome Inhibition In Vitro. Chin Med J (Engl). 2015 Aug 20;128(16):2228-33. [Content Brief]

[4]. Zhang FY, et al. Shikonin Inhibits the Migration and Invasion of Human Glioblastoma Cells by Targeting Phosphorylated β-Catenin and Phosphorylated PI3K/Akt: A Potential Mechanism for the Anti-Glioma Efficacy of a Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicine. Int J Mol Sci. 2015 Oct 9;16(10):23823-48. [Content Brief]

[5]. Fu D, et al. Shikonin inhibits inflammation and chondrocyte apoptosis by regulation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in a rat model of osteoarthritis. Exp Ther Med. 2016 Oct;12(4):2735-2740. [Content Brief]

[6]. Kathleen M McAndrews, et al. Mechanisms associated with biogenesis of exosomes in cancer. Mol Cancer. 2019 Mar 30;18(1):52. [Content Brief]

[7]. Jernej Zorman, et al. Shikonin Suppresses NLRP3 and AIM2 Inflammasomes by Direct Inhibition of Caspase-1. PLoS One. 2016 Jul 28;11(7):e0159826. [Content Brief]

Cell Assay ^[4]	U87 and U251 cells are seeded into 96-well plates at a density of 1×10⁴ cells per well in standard DMEM and incubated for 24 h under standard conditions (37°C and 5% CO₂). Then the medium is replaced with either blank, serum-free DMEM or DMEM containing Shikonin at concentrations of 2.5, 5, and 7.5 μM. The total volume in each well is 200 μL. Finally, the plates are shaken softly and the optical density is recorded at 570 nm (OD₅₇₀) using a plate reader. At least three independent experiments are performed^[4]. MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Animal Administration ^[5]	Healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=30; 8 to 10-weeks old, 250 to 300 g) are used in this study. Rats are randomly assigned to three groups: Sham-operated group (n=10), osteoarthritis model group (n=10) and Shikonin-treated group (n=10). In the sham-operated group, the right knee joint of the anesthetized rat is only exposed under sterile conditions, and the rats are treated with 0.1 ml/100 g physiological saline (i.p.). In the osteoarthritis model group, osteoarthritis model rats were treated with 0.1 ml/100 g physiological saline (i.p.). In the Shikonin-treated group, osteoarthritis model rats are treated with 10 mg/kg Shikonin (i.p.) once daily for 4 days after osteoarthritis modeling^[5]. MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
参考文献	[1]. Jiang Y et al. Shikonin Inhibits Intestinal Calcium-Activated Chloride Channels and Prevents Rotaviral Diarrhea. Front Pharmacol. 2016 Aug 23;7:270. [Content Brief] [2]. Li W, et al. Shikonin Suppresses Skin Carcinogenesis via Inhibiting Cell Proliferation. PLoS One. 2015 May 11;10(5):e0126459. [Content Brief] [3]. Yan Y, et al. Shikonin Promotes Skin Cell Proliferation and Inhibits Nuclear Factor-κB Translocation via Proteasome Inhibition In Vitro. Chin Med J (Engl). 2015 Aug 20;128(16):2228-33. [Content Brief] [4]. Zhang FY, et al. Shikonin Inhibits the Migration and Invasion of Human Glioblastoma Cells by Targeting Phosphorylated β-Catenin and Phosphorylated PI3K/Akt: A Potential Mechanism for the Anti-Glioma Efficacy of a Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicine. Int J Mol Sci. 2015 Oct 9;16(10):23823-48. [Content Brief] [5]. Fu D, et al. Shikonin inhibits inflammation and chondrocyte apoptosis by regulation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in a rat model of osteoarthritis. Exp Ther Med. 2016 Oct;12(4):2735-2740. [Content Brief] [6]. Kathleen M McAndrews, et al. Mechanisms associated with biogenesis of exosomes in cancer. Mol Cancer. 2019 Mar 30;18(1):52. [Content Brief] [7]. Jernej Zorman, et al. Shikonin Suppresses NLRP3 and AIM2 Inflammasomes by Direct Inhibition of Caspase-1. PLoS One. 2016 Jul 28;11(7):e0159826. [Content Brief]

Shikonin 相关分类

完整储备液配制表

可选溶剂	浓度溶剂体积质量	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg

DMSO	1 mM	3.4686 mL	17.3430 mL	34.6861 mL	86.7152 mL
	5 mM	0.6937 mL	3.4686 mL	6.9372 mL	17.3430 mL
	10 mM	0.3469 mL	1.7343 mL	3.4686 mL	8.6715 mL
	15 mM	0.2312 mL	1.1562 mL	2.3124 mL	5.7810 mL
	20 mM	0.1734 mL	0.8672 mL	1.7343 mL	4.3358 mL
	25 mM	0.1387 mL	0.6937 mL	1.3874 mL	3.4686 mL
	30 mM	0.1156 mL	0.5781 mL	1.1562 mL	2.8905 mL
	40 mM	0.0867 mL	0.4336 mL	0.8672 mL	2.1679 mL
	50 mM	0.0694 mL	0.3469 mL	0.6937 mL	1.7343 mL
	60 mM	0.0578 mL	0.2891 mL	0.5781 mL	1.4453 mL
	80 mM	0.0434 mL	0.2168 mL	0.4336 mL	1.0839 mL
	100 mM	0.0347 mL	0.1734 mL	0.3469 mL	0.8672 mL

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Do most proteins show cross-species activity?
Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

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Shikonin (Synonyms: 紫草素; C.I. 75535; Isoarnebin 4)

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Shikonin (Synonyms: 紫草素; C.I. 75535; Isoarnebin 4)

Customer Review

Other Forms of Shikonin:

Shikonin 相关抗体

MCE 顾客使用本产品发表的 35 篇科研文献

Shikonin 相关产品

•相关化合物库:

•同靶点产品:

•同靶点蛋白产品:

查看 NF-κB 亚型特异性产品:

查看 TNF Receptor 亚型特异性产品:

查看 HIV 亚型特异性产品:

生物活性

实验参考方法

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Shikonin 相关抗体:

摩尔计算器

稀释计算器

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