释义：

Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are a key part of the innate immune system, the body's first line of defense against infection and tissue damage. This superfamily of receptors including Toll-like receptors (TLRs), NOD-like receptors (NLRs), C-type lectin-like receptors (CLRs) and RIG-like receptors (RLRs) are responsible for initiation of the inflammatory response by their recognition of molecular patterns present in invading microorganisms (such as bacteria, viruses or fungi) during infection or in molecules released following tissue damage during acute or chronic disease states (such as sepsis or arthritis). These receptors are widely expressed and located on the cell surface, in intracellular compartments or in the cytoplasm can detect a single or subset of molecules including lipoproteins, carbohydrates or nucleic acids. In response, they initiate an intracellular signaling cascade that culminates in the synthesis and release of cytokines, chemokines and vasoactive molecules. These steps are necessary to maintain tissue homeostasis and remove potentially dangerous pathogens.

模式识别受体 (PRRs) 是先天免疫系统的关键组成部分，是人体抵御感染和组织损伤的第一道防线。这个超受体家族包括 Toll-like 受体 (TLRs)、NOD-like 受体 (NLRs)、C 型凝集素样受体 (CLRs) 和 RIG-like 受体 (rlr)，它们通过识别感染期间入侵微生物 (如细菌、病毒或真菌) 中存在的分子模式，或急性或慢性疾病状态(如败血症或关节炎中组织损伤后释放的分子模式，负责启动炎症反应。这些受体广泛表达并位于细胞表面、细胞内隔室或细胞质中，可以检测单个或亚群的分子，包括脂蛋白、碳水化合物或核酸。作为回应，它们启动细胞内信号级联，最终合成和释放细胞因子、趋化因子和血管活性分子。这些步骤对于维持组织内稳态和清除潜在危险的病原体是必要的。