2. Academic Validation
  3. Inhibiting fungal multidrug resistance by disrupting an activator-Mediator interaction

Inhibiting fungal multidrug resistance by disrupting an activator-Mediator interaction

  • Nature. 2016 Feb 25;530(7591):485-9. doi: 10.1038/nature16963.
Joy L Nishikawa 1 2,  Andras Boeszoermenyi 3,  Luis A Vale-Silva 4,  Riccardo Torelli 5,  Brunella Posteraro 6,  Yoo-Jin Sohn 1 2,  Fei Ji 7 8,  Vladimir Gelev 9,  Dominique Sanglard 4,  Maurizio Sanguinetti 5,  Ruslan I Sadreyev 7 10,  Goutam Mukherjee 11 12,  Jayaram Bhyravabhotla 11 12 13,  Sara J Buhrlage 3 14,  Nathanael S Gray 3 14,  Gerhard Wagner 3,  Anders M Näär 1 2,  Haribabu Arthanari 3
Affiliations

Affiliations

  • 1 Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA.
  • 2 Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
  • 3 Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
  • 4 Institute of Microbiology, University Hospital Lausanne and University Hospital Center, Lausanne CH-1011, Switzerland.
  • 5 Institute of Microbiology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome 00168, Italy.
  • 6 Institute of Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome 00168, Italy.
  • 7 Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.
  • 8 Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
  • 9 Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Sofia University, Sofia 1164, Bulgaria.
  • 10 Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.
  • 11 Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India.
  • 12 Supercomputing Facility for Bioinformatics &Computational Biology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India.
  • 13 Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India.
  • 14 Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.
PMID: 26886795 DOI: 10.1038/nature16963
Abstract

Eukaryotic transcription activators stimulate the expression of specific sets of target genes through recruitment of co-activators such as the RNA polymerase II-interacting Mediator complex. Aberrant function of transcription activators has been implicated in several diseases. However, therapeutic targeting efforts have been hampered by a lack of detailed molecular knowledge of the mechanisms of gene activation by disease-associated transcription activators. We previously identified an activator-targeted three-helix bundle KIX domain in the human MED15 Mediator subunit that is structurally conserved in Gal11/Med15 Mediator subunits in fungi. The Gal11/Med15 KIX domain engages pleiotropic drug resistance transcription factor (Pdr1) orthologues, which are key regulators of the multidrug resistance pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and in the clinically important human pathogen Candida glabrata. The prevalence of C. glabrata is rising, partly owing to its low intrinsic susceptibility to azoles, the most widely used Antifungal agent. Drug-resistant clinical isolates of C. glabrata most commonly contain point mutations in Pdr1 that render it constitutively active, suggesting that this transcriptional activation pathway represents a linchpin in C. glabrata multidrug resistance. Here we perform sequential biochemical and in vivo high-throughput screens to identify small-molecule inhibitors of the interaction of the C. glabrata Pdr1 activation domain with the C. glabrata Gal11A KIX domain. The lead compound (iKIX1) inhibits Pdr1-dependent gene activation and re-sensitizes drug-resistant C. glabrata to azole antifungals in vitro and in animal models for disseminated and urinary tract C. glabrata Infection. Determining the NMR structure of the C. glabrata Gal11A KIX domain provides a detailed understanding of the molecular mechanism of Pdr1 gene activation and multidrug resistance inhibition by iKIX1. We have demonstrated the feasibility of small-molecule targeting of a transcription factor-binding site in Mediator as a novel therapeutic strategy in Fungal infectious disease.

Figures
Products
  • Cat. No.
    Product Name
    Description
    Target
    Research Area
  • HY-124952
    99.76%, Antifungal Agent
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