2. Academic Validation
  3. Phytochemical and Biological Screening of Leaf, Bark and Fruit Extracts from Ilex dipyrena Wall

Phytochemical and Biological Screening of Leaf, Bark and Fruit Extracts from Ilex dipyrena Wall

  • Life (Basel). 2021 Aug 16;11(8):837. doi: 10.3390/life11080837.
Amjad Ali 1 2,  Atif Ali Khan Khalil 3,  Fazli Khuda 4,  Nausheen Nazir 5,  Riaz Ullah 6,  Ahmed Bari 7,  Adnan Haider 3,  Syed Babar Jamal 3,  Sareer Ahmad 1,  Zahid Khan 8,  Syed Muhammad Mukarram Shah 9,  Syed Wadood Ali Shah 9,  Abdul Nasir 10,  Abid Ali 11,  Muhammad Zahoor 5,  Samin Jan 1
Affiliations

Affiliations

  • 1 Department of Botany, Islamia College University, Peshawar 25120, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
  • 2 Department of Botany, University of Malakand, Dir (Lower), Chakdara 18800, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
  • 3 Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi 46000, Punjab, Pakistan.
  • 4 Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
  • 5 Department of Biochemistry, University of Malakand, Dir (Lower), Chakdara 18800, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
  • 6 Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
  • 7 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
  • 8 Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal Urdu University of Arts Science and Technology, Karachi 75300, Sindh, Pakistan.
  • 9 Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Dir (Lower), Chakdara 18800, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
  • 10 Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwan 16499, Korea.
  • 11 Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar 25120, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
PMID: 34440580 DOI: 10.3390/life11080837
Abstract

The Aquifoliaceae is an important family and has been used traditionally for some time. One of the members of this family is the Ilex dipyrena wall, which itself possesses a potential medicinal importance. This plant is traditionally used for the treatment of various ailments including pain, swelling, burns, and fever. The current study was designed to screen out the antioxidant and analgesic potential of this plant and to verify its traditional uses, along with its phytochemical profile. Extracts were subjected to antioxidant, analgesic, and phytochemical analysis using DPPH, chemical-induced (acetic acid and formalin) nociception models and GC-MS analysis, respectively. The leaf, bark, and fruit extracts showed significant antioxidant activity compared to that of standard. Likewise, all the extracts demonstrated significant (p < 0.01) analgesic activity in a mice model. In acetic acid induced analgesia, the leaf, bark, and fruit extracts caused 51.64, 56.13 and 59.52% inhibition, respectively at a dose of 100 mg/kg while at 200 mg/kg it showed 83.01, 71.69 and 75.47% inhibition, respectively. In Formalin-induced paw-licking assay, fruit extract showed 59.42 and 64.19% inhibition at 200 mg/kg dose in the first and second phase, respectively. The GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of cathinone, phenylpropanolamine, dl-phenylephrine, amphetamine, myristic acid, and palmitic acid. Results of the study suggest that crude extracts from different parts of this plant may be a useful source for the development of novel analgesics. However, further investigation in terms of isolation of bioactive compounds and their toxicological evaluations are needed to validate the observed results.

Keywords

GC-MS analysis; Ilex dipyrena wall.; analgesic; antioxidant; phytochemicals.

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