2. Academic Validation
  3. Human Milk Oligosaccharide Compositions Illustrate Global Variations in Early Nutrition

Human Milk Oligosaccharide Compositions Illustrate Global Variations in Early Nutrition

  • J Nutr. 2022 May 5;152(5):1239-1253. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxac027.
Anita Vinjamuri 1 2,  Jasmine C C Davis 1 2,  Sarah M Totten 1 2,  Lauren D Wu 1 2,  Laura D Klein 3,  Melanie Martin 4,  E A Quinn 5,  Brooke Scelza 6,  Alicia Breakey 7,  Michael Gurven 8,  Grazyna Jasienska 9,  Hillard Kaplan 10,  Claudia Valeggia 11,  Katie Hinde 12,  Jennifer T Smilowitz 2 13,  Robin M Bernstein 14 15,  Angela M Zivkovic 2 16,  Michael J Barratt 17 18,  Jeffrey I Gordon 17 18,  Mark A Underwood 2 19,  David A Mills 2 13,  J Bruce German 2 13,  Carlito B Lebrilla 1 2
Affiliations

Affiliations

  • 1 Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
  • 2 Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
  • 3 Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
  • 4 Department of Anthropology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
  • 5 Department of Anthropology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
  • 6 Department of Anthropology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
  • 7 Wildwood School, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
  • 8 Department of Anthropology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
  • 9 Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.
  • 10 Health Economics and Anthropology, Chapman University, Orange, CA, USA.
  • 11 Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
  • 12 School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
  • 13 Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
  • 14 Department of Anthropology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.
  • 15 Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.
  • 16 Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
  • 17 Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis MO, USA.
  • 18 Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, MO, USA.
  • 19 Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
PMID: 35179194 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxac027
Abstract

Background: Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are an abundant class of compounds found in human milk and have been linked to the development of the infant, and specifically the brain, immune system, and gut microbiome.

Objectives: Advanced analytical methods were used to obtain relative quantitation of many structures in approximately 2000 samples from over 1000 mothers in urban, semirural, and rural sites across geographically diverse countries.

Methods: LC-MS-based analytical methods were used to profile the compounds with broad structural coverage and quantitative information. The profiles revealed their structural heterogeneity and their potential biological roles. Comparisons of HMO compositions were made between mothers of different age groups, lactation periods, infant sexes, and residing geographical locations.

Results: A common behavior found among all sites was a decrease in HMO abundances during lactation until approximately postnatal month 6, where they remained relatively constant. The greatest variations in structural abundances were associated with the presence of α(1,2)-fucosylated species. Genomic analyses of the mothers were not performed; instead, milk was phenotyped according to the abundances of α(1,2)-fucosylated structures. Mothers from the South American sites tended to have higher proportions of phenotypic secretors [mothers with relatively high concentrations of α(1,2)-fucosylated structures] in their populations compared to the rest of the globe, with Bolivia at ∼100% secretors, Peru at ∼97%, Brazil at ∼90%, and Argentina at ∼85%. Conversely, the cohort sampled in Africa manifested the lowest proportion of secretors (South Africa ∼ 63%, the Gambia ∼ 64%, and Malawi ∼ 75%). Furthermore, we compared total abundances of HMOs in secretors compared with nonsecretors and found that nonsecretors have lower abundances of HMOs compared to secretors, regardless of geographical location. We also observed compositional differences of the 50+ most abundant HMOs between milk types and geographical locations.

Conclusions: This study represents the largest structural HMO study to date and reveals the general behavior of HMOs during lactation among different populations.

Keywords

FUT2; breast milk; carbohydrates; glycans; human milk oligosaccharides; lactose; mass spectrometry; oligosaccharides; secretor.

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