Analysis of bile acids in urine specimens from healthy humans: determination of several bile acids with beta-hydroxyl and carbonyl groups

Urinary bile acids of 39 healthy male undergraduates were analyzed by capillary gas chromatography and capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. 3 alpha-Hydroxy-12-oxo-5 beta-cholanoic acid, 3 alpha, 12 beta-dihydroxy-5 beta-cholanoic acid, 3 beta, 7 alpha-dihydroxy-5 beta-cholanoic acid, and 3 alpha, 7 alpha, 12 beta-trihydroxy-5 beta-cholanoic acid, in addition to known bile acids, were identified and then quantified. The major part of the urinary bile acids was occupied by secondary bile acids. Every 7 beta-hydroxylated bile acid species was found in more than 80% of the subjects. The bile acid detected in the largest amount was 3 alpha-hydroxy-12-oxo-5 beta-cholanoic acid. The metabolites of cholic acid were quantitatively more predominant than those of chenodeoxycholic acid. These results indicate that bile acids with beta-hydroxyl and carbonyl groups at the C-3,7 and/or 12 positions are usual bile acids usually found in the urine of healthy humans. It is concluded that the occurrence of these bile acids is an effect of the intestinal Bacterial flora and living conditions.