GPX2 - glutathione peroxidase 2 Gene

中文名称：谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 2

种属: Homo sapiens

同用名: GPRP; GPx-2; GI-GPx; GPRP-2; GPx-GI; GSHPx-2; GSHPX-GI

关于 GPX2

功能概要

该基因编码的蛋白质属于谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶家族，其成员催化谷胱甘肽还原有机氢过氧化物和过氧化氢 (H2O2) ，从而保护细胞免受氧化损伤。该基因家族的几种同工酶存在于脊椎动物中，它们在细胞位置和底物特异性方面有所不同。这种同功酶主要在胃肠道 (也在人的肝脏) 中表达，位于细胞质中，其首选底物是过氧化氢。该基因的过度表达与结直肠癌的分化和增殖增加有关。这种同功酶也是一种硒蛋白，在其活性位点含有稀有氨基酸硒代半胱氨酸 (Sec) 。 Sec 由 UGA 密码子编码，通常表示翻译终止。硒蛋白 mRNA 的 3' UTR 包含一个保守的茎环结构，称为 Sec 插入序列 (SECIS) 元件，这是将 UGA 识别为 Sec 密码子而不是终止信号所必需的。已发现该基因的可变剪接转录物变体。[RefSeq 提供，2016 年 7 月]

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the Glutathione Peroxidase family, members of which catalyze the reduction of organic hydroperoxides and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by glutathione, and thereby protect cells against oxidative damage. Several isozymes of this gene family exist in vertebrates, which vary in cellular location and substrate specificity. This isozyme is predominantly expressed in the gastrointestinal tract (also in liver in human), is localized in the cytoplasm, and whose preferred substrate is hydrogen peroxide. Overexpression of this gene is associated with increased differentiation and proliferation in colorectal Cancer. This isozyme is also a selenoprotein, containing the rare amino acid selenocysteine (Sec) at its active site. Sec is encoded by the UGA codon, which normally signals translation termination. The 3' UTRs of selenoprotein mRNAs contain a conserved stem-loop structure, designated the Sec insertion sequence (SECIS) element, that is necessary for the recognition of UGA as a Sec codon, rather than as a stop signal. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2016]