Pharmacological targeting of the Hsp70 chaperone

The molecular chaperone, heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), acts at multiple steps in a protein's life cycle, including during the processes of folding, trafficking, remodeling and degradation. To accomplish these various tasks, the activity of HSP70 is shaped by a host of co-chaperones, which bind to the core chaperone and influence its functions. Genetic studies have strongly linked HSP70 and its co-chaperones to numerous diseases, including Cancer, neurodegeneration and microbial pathogenesis, yet the potential of this chaperone as a therapeutic target remains largely underexplored. Here, we review the current state of HSP70 as a drug target, with a special emphasis on the important challenges and opportunities imposed by its co-chaperones, protein-protein interactions and allostery.