2. Academic Validation
  3. A novel protein encoded by circular SMO RNA is essential for Hedgehog signaling activation and glioblastoma tumorigenicity

A novel protein encoded by circular SMO RNA is essential for Hedgehog signaling activation and glioblastoma tumorigenicity

  • Genome Biol. 2021 Jan 14;22(1):33. doi: 10.1186/s13059-020-02250-6.
Xujia Wu  # 1,  Songhua Xiao  # 2,  Maolei Zhang  # 1,  Lixuan Yang 1,  Jian Zhong 1,  Bo Li 3,  Fanying Li 1,  Xin Xia 1,  Xixi Li 1,  Huangkai Zhou 1,  Dawei Liu 4,  Nunu Huang 1,  Xuesong Yang 1,  Feizhe Xiao 5,  Nu Zhang 6
Affiliations

Affiliations

  • 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
  • 2 Department of Neurology, The Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, China.
  • 3 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
  • 4 Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
  • 5 Department of Scientific Research Section, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
  • 6 Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China. zhangnu2@mail.sysu.edu.cn.
  • # Contributed equally.
PMID: 33446260 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-020-02250-6
Abstract

Background: Aberrant activation of the Hedgehog pathway drives tumorigenesis of many cancers, including glioblastoma. However, the sensitization mechanism of the G protein-coupled-like receptor smoothened (Smo), a key component of Hedgehog signaling, remains largely unknown.

Results: In this study, we describe a novel protein SMO-193a.a. that is essential for Hedgehog signaling activation in glioblastoma. Encoded by circular Smo (circ-SMO), SMO-193a.a. is required for sonic Hedgehog (Shh) induced Smo activation, via interacting with Smo, enhancing SMO Cholesterol modification, and releasing Smo from the inhibition of patched transmembrane receptors. Deprivation of SMO-193a.a. in brain Cancer Stem Cells attenuates Hedgehog signaling intensity and suppresses self-renewal, proliferation in vitro, and tumorigenicity in vivo. Moreover, circ-SMO/SMO-193a.a. is positively regulated by FUS, a direct transcriptional target of Gli1. Shh/Gli1/FUS/SMO-193a.a. form a positive feedback loop to sustain Hedgehog signaling activation in glioblastoma. Clinically, SMO-193a.a. is more specifically expressed in glioblastoma than Smo and is relevant to Gli1 expression. Higher expression of SMO-193a.a. predicts worse overall survival of glioblastoma patients, indicating its prognostic value.

Conclusions: Our study reveals that SMO-193a.a., a novel protein encoded by circular Smo, is critical for Hedgehog signaling, drives glioblastoma tumorigenesis and is a novel target for glioblastoma treatment.

Keywords

Brain cancer stem cells; Circular RNA; Glioblastoma; Hedgehog pathway; Novel protein.

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