2. Academic Validation
  3. Loliolide, a Carotenoid Metabolite, Is a Potential Endogenous Inducer of Herbivore Resistance

Loliolide, a Carotenoid Metabolite, Is a Potential Endogenous Inducer of Herbivore Resistance

  • Plant Physiol. 2019 Apr;179(4):1822-1833. doi: 10.1104/pp.18.00837.
Mika Murata 1 2,  Yusuke Nakai 1 3,  Kei Kawazu 4,  Masumi Ishizaka 5,  Hideyuki Kajiwara 5,  Hiroshi Abe 6,  Kasumi Takeuchi 7,  Yuki Ichinose 8,  Ichiro Mitsuhara 1 8,  Atsushi Mochizuki 4,  Shigemi Seo 9 7
Affiliations

Affiliations

  • 1 National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan.
  • 2 Institute of Vegetable and Floriculture Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsu, Mie, 514-2392, Japan.
  • 3 Kyushu Okinawa Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Kurume, Fukuoka 839-8503, Japan.
  • 4 National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8604, Japan.
  • 5 Advanced Analysis Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8604, Japan.
  • 6 Experimantal Plant Division, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan.
  • 7 Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan.
  • 8 Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
  • 9 National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan sseo71@affrc.go.jp.
PMID: 30700538 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.00837
Abstract

Jasmonic acid (JA) plays an important role in the induction of herbivore resistance in many Plants. However, JA-independent herbivore resistance has been suggested. An herbivore-resistance-inducing substance was isolated from Tobacco mosaic virus-infected tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) leaves in which a hypersensitive response (HR) was induced and identified as loliolide, which has been identified as a β-carotene metabolite. When applied to tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) leaves, loliolide decreased the survival rate of the two-spotted spider Mite, Tetranychus urticae, egg deposition by the same pest, and the survival rate of larvae of the common cutworm Spodoptera litura without exhibiting toxicity against these herbivores. Endogenous loliolide levels increased not only with an infestation by S litura larvae, but also with the exogenous application of their oral secretions in tomato. A microarray analysis identified cell-wall-associated defense genes as loliolide-responsive tomato genes, and exogenous JA application did not induce the expression of these genes. Suppressor of zeaxanthin-less (szl), an Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutant with a point mutation in a key gene of the β-carotene metabolic pathway, exhibited the decreased accumulation of endogenous loliolide and increased susceptibility to infestation by the western flower thrip (Frankliniella occidentalis). A pretreatment with loliolide decreased susceptibility to thrips in the JA-insensitive Arabidopsis mutant coronatine-insensitive1 Exogenous loliolide did not restore reduced electrolyte leakage in szl in response to a HR-inducing Bacterial strain. These results suggest that loliolide functions as an endogenous signal that mediates defense responses to herbivores, possibly independently of JA, at least in tomato and Arabidopsis Plants.

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