AR-42, a novel HDAC inhibitor, exhibits biologic activity against malignant mast cell lines via down-regulation of constitutively activated Kit

Histone hypoacetylation occurs in many cancers and inhibition of histone deacetylation is a promising approach to modulate these epigenetic changes. Our laboratory previously demonstrated that the histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) vorinostat and AR-42 reduced the viability of a canine malignant mast cell line. The purpose of this study was to further investigate the mechanisms of pan-HDAC inhibition in normal and malignant mast cells. Mouse and canine malignant mast cell lines expressing various Kit mutations, normal canine mast cells, and primary canine malignant mast cells were treated with AR-42 (a novel HDACi) and effects on cell viability, cycling, and signaling were evaluated. Treatment with AR-42 induced growth inhibition, cell- cycle arrest, Apoptosis, and activation of caspases-3/7. AR-42 promoted hyperacetylation of H3, H4, and alpha-tubulin, and up-regulation of p21. Down-regulation of Kit occurred after AR-42 treatment via inhibition of Kit transcription. Disassociation between Kit and heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) and up-regulation of HSP70 were observed after AR-42 treatment, suggesting potential loss of HSP90 chaperone function. Lastly, AR-42 down-regulated the expression of p-Akt, total Akt, phosphorylated STAT3/5 (pSTAT3/5), and total STAT3/5. In summary, AR-42 exhibits in vitro and ex vivo biologic activity against malignant mast cells, representing a promising therapeutic approach for malignant mast cell disease.