Aminotransferases (Transaminases) (氨基转移酶 (转氨酶))

Aminotransferases (transaminases) are enzymes that catalyze a transamination reaction between amino acids and α-keto acids. They mainly include glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (GPT), also known as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), also known as aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Aminotransferases (transaminases) play a crucial role in the biosynthesis of non-essential amino acids, helping cells generate the required amino acids by transferring amino groups. Aminotransferases (transaminases) are also involved in the nitrogen-containing compounds metabolism, converting amino acids into forms that are easily excreted or can be used in other metabolic pathways. ALT and AST are often used as clinical diagnostic indicators. An increase in their levels in the blood is often associated with liver diseases such as hepatitis and cirrhosis, heart diseases such as myocardial infarction, and muscle diseases such as polymyositis^[1][2].