Phenyl-β-D-Glucopyranoside Exhibits Anti-inflammatory Activity in Lipopolysaccharide-Activated RAW 264.7 Cells

Phenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside is a component of Phellodendron amurense with anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activities. In the present study, we investigated the role of phenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside in inflammation using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine Raw 264.7 macrophages. Phenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside not only inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production but also significantly inhibited the expression of inducible NO Synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) without inducing cytotoxicity. Phenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside also attenuated proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and other inflammation-related genes, such as IL-6 in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, phenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside abolished increased adhesion, ninjurin 1 (Ninj1) expression, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity induced by endotoxin treatment. Finally, phenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside inhibited the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), which is one of the most important transcription factors involved in the inflammatory process. Taken together, phenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside may be beneficial for the prevention and treatment of anti-inflammatory diseases.