2. Academic Validation
  3. Amanita phalloides poisoning: Mechanisms of toxicity and treatment

Amanita phalloides poisoning: Mechanisms of toxicity and treatment

  • Food Chem Toxicol. 2015 Dec:86:41-55. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2015.09.008.
Juliana Garcia 1,  Vera M Costa 2,  Alexandra Carvalho 3,  Paula Baptista 4,  Paula Guedes de Pinho 2,  Maria de Lourdes Bastos 2,  Félix Carvalho 5
Affiliations

Affiliations

  • 1 UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua José Viterbo Ferreira n° 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal. Electronic address: jugarcia_18@hotmail.com.
  • 2 UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua José Viterbo Ferreira n° 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
  • 3 Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Computational and Systems Biology, Uppsala University, Biomedical Center, Box 596, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden.
  • 4 CIMO/School of Agriculture, Polytechnique Institute of Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, Apartado 1172, 5301-854 Bragança, Portugal.
  • 5 UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua José Viterbo Ferreira n° 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal. Electronic address: felixdc@ff.up.pt.
PMID: 26375431 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2015.09.008
Abstract

Amanita phalloides, also known as 'death cap', is one of the most poisonous mushrooms, being involved in the majority of human fatal cases of mushroom poisoning worldwide. This species contains three main groups of toxins: amatoxins, phallotoxins, and virotoxins. From these, amatoxins, especially α-amanitin, are the main responsible for the toxic effects in humans. It is recognized that α-amanitin inhibits RNA polymerase II, causing protein deficit and ultimately cell death, although Other mechanisms are thought to be involved. The liver is the main target organ of toxicity, but Other organs are also affected, especially the kidneys. Intoxication symptoms usually appear after a latent period and may include gastrointestinal disorders followed by jaundice, seizures, and coma, culminating in death. Therapy consists in supportive measures, gastric decontamination, drug therapy and, ultimately, liver transplantation if clinical condition worsens. The discovery of an effective antidote is still a major unsolved issue. The present paper examines the clinical toxicology of A. phalloides, providing the currently available information on the mechanisms of toxicityinvolved and on the current knowledge on the treatment prescribed against this type of mushrooms. Antidotal perspectives will be raised as to set the pace to new and improved therapy against these mushrooms.

Keywords

Amanita phalloides; Amatoxins; Kidney; Liver; RNA polymerase II; Therapy.

Figures
Products
嗨！很高兴为您提供帮助！

尊敬的 MCE 客户您好，
请您选择所在区域，我们将转接对应客服为您服务！

热门区域

A

B

C

F

G

H

J

L

N

Q

S

T

X

Y

Z

热 A B C F G H J L N Q S T X Y Z