1,3,8- and 1,3,7-substituted xanthines: relative potency as adenosine receptor antagonists at the frog neuromuscular junction

1. The ability of 1,3,8-substituted xanthines (1,3-dipropyl-8-(4-(2-aminoethyl)amino)carbonylmethyloxyphenyl) xan thine (XAC), 1,3-dipropyl-8-(4-carboxymethyloxyphenyl)xanthine (XCC), 1,3-dipropyl-8-(2-amino-4-chlorophenyl)xanthine (PACPX), 1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine (DPCPX), 1,3-diethyl-8-phenylxanthine (DPX) and 8-phenyltheophylline (8-PT)), of 1,3,7-substituted xanthines (1-propargyl-3,7-dimethylxanthine (PGDMX) and caffeine), and of a 3-substituted xanthine (enprofylline) to antagonize the inhibitory effect of 2-chloroadenosine (CADO) on the amplitude of nerve-evoked twitches was investigated in innervated sartorius muscles of the frog. 2. All the 1,3,8-substituted xanthines, in concentrations virtually devoid of effect on neuromuscular transmission, shifted to the right, in a near parallel manner the log concentration-response curve for CADO. Linear Schild plots with slopes near to unity at concentration-ratios less than 14 were obtained for XAC, XCC, DPCPX, DPX and 8-PT. 3. The order of potency of the 1,3,8-substituted xanthines as antagonists of the effect of CADO was XAC (Ki = 23 nM) greater than or equal to DPCPX (35 nM) greater than 8-PT (200 nM) greater than or equal to DPX (295 nM) greater than XCC (1905 nM) greater than or equal to PACPX (2291 nM). No correlation was found between the potency of these xanthines as antagonists of the Adenosine Receptor at the frog neuromuscular junction and their reported potency as antagonists of the A1- or A2-adenosine receptors. 4. The 1,3,7-substituted xanthines, PGDMX and caffeine, in concentrations virtually devoid of effect on neuromuscular transmission, also caused parallel shifts to the right of the log concentration-response curves for CADO, but were less potent than the 1,3,8-substituted xanthines. PGDMX was more than 20 times more potent than caffeine. 5. Enprofylline in concentrations up to 100 microM did not antagonize the inhibitory effect of CADO on neuromuscular transmission. 6. It is concluded that the antagonist profile of the Adenosine Receptor mediating inhibition of transmission at the frog neuromuscular junction is different from the antagonist profile of the A1- and A2-adenosine receptors.