Protective function of Bu Shen Huo Xue formula on the immunity of B6AF1 mice with experimental autoimmune premature ovarian failure

Autoimmune abnormality is one of the main causes of premature ovarian failure (POF). Bu Shen Huo Xue formula (BSHXF), a traditional Chinese medicine formula, has been clinically used for the treatment of patients with POF in China. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are important in the pathogenesis of autoimmune POF. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the immunoprotective effects of BSHXF on POF and the underlying mechanisms. An experimental autoimmune POF model was induced in B6AF1 mice with zona pellucida 3 (ZP3) fragments. Following modeling, BSHXF (31.53 g/kg/day) was orally administered for 4 weeks. CD4⁺ T lymphocytes, Tregs, anti-zona pellucida (anti-ZP) Antibodies and cytokines were detected using flow cytometry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. The results revealed that BSHXF exhibited an immunoprotective function and reduced inflammatory cell infiltration and damage to the ovary. BSHXF upregulated the percentage of CD4⁺ CD25⁺ forkhead box P3⁺ T cells in the spleen, effectively inhibiting the activation of CD4⁺ T lymphocytes. The proliferation of Tregs was increased in serum obtained from mice in the BSHXF group in vitro. Anti-ZP Antibodies and interleukin-10 and interferon-γ levels were decreased in the serum in the BSHXF-treated group. The present study demonstrated that BSHXF had an immunoprotective effect on POF model mice. Additionally, it indicated that the protective mechanisms of BSHXF may be associated with an increase in Treg cells.