The long-non-coding RNA NEAT1 is a novel target for Alzheimer's disease progression via miR-124/BACE1 axis

Objectives: Long-non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been involved in central nervous system recently. A number of studies have reported that lncRNA NEAT1 exerts critical roles in neurodegenerative disorder. Beta-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving Enzyme 1 (BACE1) has been reported to exert function in the accumulation of Amyloid-β (Aβ). Moreover, BACE1 acts as a target of miR-124 in the progression of AD. So far, the biological role and underlying mechanisms of NEAT1 and miR-124 in AD remains elusive.

Methods: The relative NEAT1 and miR-124 expression was examined by qRT-PCR in the tissues and cells line of AD. Cell Apoptosis was examined by FACS. Luciferase reporter assay was performed to verify that miR-124 is a direct target of NEAT1, and BACE1 is a downstream target of miR-124. qRT-PCR and western blot analysis were also performed to determinate the BACE1 and the phosphorylation of Tau Protein.

Results: NEAT1 was notably up-regulated and miR-124 was remarkably down-regulated in AD mouse model. Knockdown of NEAT1 or overexpression of miR-124 showed the protective effects on cellular AD model induced by Aβ. Moreover, miR-124 expression could be up- and down-regulated by suppression or overexpression of NEAT1, respectively. In addition, the expression of BACE1 was the potential functional target of miR-124. These findings suggested that NEAT1 might play a vital role in the development of AD by regulating miR-124/BACE1 axis.

Discussion: The present study showed that NEAT1 worked as a regulating factor to promote the development of AD via modulating miR-124/BACE1 axis, which might be considered as a novel target in AD treatment.