Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase Is a Metabolic Checkpoint for Polarization of Macrophages to the M1 Phenotype

Affiliations

• 1 BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Programs, Department of Biomedical Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea.
• 2 Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea.
• 3 Leading-Edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea.
• 4 Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea.
• 5 Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
• 6 Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, South Korea.
• 7 Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea.
• 8 College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea.
• 9 Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States.
• 10 Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.
• 11 Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science, Soon Chun Hyang University, Cheonan, South Korea.
• 12 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.