Neo-clerodane Diterpenoids with Hypoglycemic Effects in Vivo from the Aerial Parts of Salvia hispanica L

A new neo-clerodane diterpenoid, salvihispin H (1), and six known ones (2-7) were identified from the aerial parts of Salvia hispanica L. The structure and absolute configuration of 1 were elucidated by extensive analysis of spectroscopic (¹ H, ¹³ C, and 2D NMR, and HR-ESI-MS) and single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. The anti-diabetic effects of salvihispin H (1) and salvifaricin (2) were evaluated in diabetic db/db mice. The data showed that 1 and 2 could significantly reduce fasting blood glucose level and improve Insulin resistance, and compound 1 exerted glucose-lowering effect more quickly than metformin. In addition, 1 and 2 could also reduce serum TG level in db/db mice. These results demonstrated that compounds 1 and 2 could be considered as potent candidates for the therapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Salvia hispanica; neo-clerodane diterpenoid; salvihispin H; type 2 diabetes mellitus.