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  3. Quantitative analysis of mRNA-lipid nanoparticle stability in human plasma and serum by size-exclusion chromatography coupled with dual-angle light scattering

Quantitative analysis of mRNA-lipid nanoparticle stability in human plasma and serum by size-exclusion chromatography coupled with dual-angle light scattering

  • Nanomedicine. 2024 Mar 16:102745. doi: 10.1016/j.nano.2024.102745.
Brian Liau 1,  Li Zhang 2,  Melgious Jin Yan Ang 2,  Jian Yao Ng 2,  C V Suresh Babu 3,  Sonja Schneider 4,  Ravindra Gudihal 3,  Ki Hyun Bae 2,  Yi Yan Yang 5
Affiliations

Affiliations

  • 1 Agilent Technologies, 1 Yishun Avenue 7, Singapore 768923, Republic of Singapore. Electronic address: brian.liau@gdmc.bio.
  • 2 Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 20 Biopolis Way, Centros #06-01, Singapore 138668, Republic of Singapore.
  • 3 Agilent Technologies, 1 Yishun Avenue 7, Singapore 768923, Republic of Singapore.
  • 4 Agilent Technologies Deutschland GmbH, Hewlett-Packard Strasse 8, 76337 Waldbronn, Germany.
  • 5 Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 20 Biopolis Way, Centros #06-01, Singapore 138668, Republic of Singapore. Electronic address: yyyang@bti.a-star.edu.sg.
PMID: 38499167 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2024.102745
Abstract

Understanding the stability of mRNA loaded lipid nanoparticles (mRNA-LNPs) is imperative for their clinical development. Herein, we propose the use of size-exclusion chromatography coupled with dual-angle light scattering (SEC-MALS) as a new approach to assessing mRNA-LNP stability in pure human serum and plasma. By applying a dual-column configuration to attenuate interference from plasma components, SEC-MALS was able to elucidate the degradation kinetics and physical property changes of mRNA-LNPs, which have not been observed accurately by conventional dynamic light scattering techniques. Interestingly, both serum and plasma had significantly different impacts on the molecular weight and radius of gyration of mRNA-LNPs, suggesting the involvement of clotting factors in desorption of lipids from mRNA-LNPs. We also discovered that a trace impurity (~1 %) in ALC-0315, identified as its O-tert-butyloxycarbonyl-protected form, greatly diminished mRNA-LNP stability in serum. These results demonstrated the potential utility of SEC-MALS for optimization and quality control of LNP formulations.

Keywords

Dual-angle light scattering; Lipid nanoparticles; Size-exclusion chromatography; Stability; mRNA.

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