Antimicrobial activity of the methanolic extract and compounds from Morus mesozygia stem bark

Aim of the study: This study was aimed at investigating the antimicrobial activity of the methanolic extract (MMB) and compounds isolated from the stem bark of Morus mesozygia, namely 3beta-acetoxyurs-12-en-11-one (1), moracin Q (2), moracin T (3), artocarpesin (4), cycloartocarpesin (5), moracin R (6), moracin U (8), moracin C (9), and moracin M (10).

Materials and methods: The liquid microdilution assay was used in the determination of the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimal microbicidal concentration (MMC), against nine Bacterial and two Fungal species.

Results: The results of the MIC determination showed that the compounds 3, 4, 8 and 9 were able to prevent the growth of all tested microbial species. All other samples showed selective activities. Their inhibitory effects were noted on 90.9% studied organisms for the crude extract, 81.8% for compound 6, 72.7% for compound 10, 63.6% for compound 1, 54.5% for compound 5, and 45.5% for compound 2. The lowest MIC value of 39 microg/ml was obtained with the crude extract against Escherichia coli. The corresponding value for compounds (5 microg/ml) was registered with compound 9 on Shigella dysenteriae and compound 3 on E. coli, S. dysenteriae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi and Bacillus cereus. The lowest MIC value (39 microg/ml) observed with the crude extract (on E. coli) was only eightfold greater than that of gentamycin used as reference Antibiotic (RA) while the corresponding value (5 microg/ml) recorded with compounds 3 and 9 was equal to that of RA on the corresponding Microorganisms.

Conclusions: The obtained results highlighted the interesting antimicrobial potency of M. mesozygia as well as that of the studied compounds, and provided scientific basis for the traditional use of this species.