2. Academic Validation
  3. Cytotoxic and mutagenic effects of the food additive tartrazine on eukaryotic cells

Cytotoxic and mutagenic effects of the food additive tartrazine on eukaryotic cells

  • BMC Pharmacol Toxicol. 2022 Dec 23;23(1):95. doi: 10.1186/s40360-022-00638-7.
Jailson Rodrigues Dos Santos 1,  Larissa de Sousa Soares 1,  Bruno Moreira Soares 2,  Marlene de Gomes Farias 1,  Victor Alves de Oliveira 1,  Natan Antônio Batista de Sousa 1,  Helber Alves Negreiros 1,  Felipe Cavalcanti Carneiro da Silva 1 3,  Ana Paula Peron 1 4,  Ana Carolina Landim Pacheco 5,  Márcia Maria Mendes Marques 5,  Juan Carlos Ramos Gonçalves 6,  Raquel Carvalho Montenegro 7,  Muhammad Torequl Islam 8,  Javad Sharifi-Rad 9,  Mohammad S Mubarak 10,  Ana Amélia Carvalho de Melo Cavalcante 3,  João Marcelo de Castro E Sousa 1 3
Affiliations

Affiliations

  • 1 Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Mutagenesis of the Federal University of Piauí, Picos, Brazil.
  • 2 Laboratory of Human Cytogenetics and Oncology Research Center, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil.
  • 3 Cytogenetic and Mutagenesis Laboratory, Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil.
  • 4 Cytogenetic and Mutagenesis Laboratory, Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Improvement of the Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil.
  • 5 Laboratory of Parasitology and ecology of neglected diseases, Federal University of Piaui, Terezina, Brazil.
  • 6 Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Federal University of Piaui, Terezina, Brazil.
  • 7 Drug Development and Research Center, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil.
  • 8 Department of Pharmacy, Life Science Faculty, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj8100, Dhaka, Bangladesh. dmt.islam@bsmrstu.edu.bd.
  • 9 Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Azuay, Cuenca, Ecuador. Javad.sharifirad@gmail.com.
  • 10 Department of Chemistry, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan.
PMID: 36564854 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-022-00638-7
Abstract

Background: Among the food additives used in the food industry, food dyes are considered the most toxic. For instance, tartrazine (TRZ) is a food colorant commercially available with conflicting data regarding its cytotoxic, genotoxic, and mutagenic effects. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic and mutagenic potential of TRZ using different eukaryotic cells (in vitro).

Methods: This study employed 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT), brine shrimp lethality, Allium cepa and Saccharomyces cerevisiae tests. Different concentrations of TRZ and different exposure times were used in this study.

Results: The results demonstrate that TRZ induced a concentration-dependent toxic effect on the test systems. It also exerted cytotoxicity in fibroblasts and human gastric cells. In addition, TRZ showed mutagenic effects on the A. cepa test system. However, its toxicogenic effects may not relate to the oxidizing activity, which was confirmed by the S. cerevisiae test model.

Conclusion: Taken together, TRZ exerted toxicogenic effects on the test systems. Therefore, it may be harmful to health, especially its prolonged use may trigger carcinogenesis.

Keywords

Allium cepa; Artemia salina; Carcinogenesis; Cell line; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Tartrazine.

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