Synthesis and Characterization of a Novel PET Tracer for Noninvasive Evaluation of FGL1 Status in Tumors

Fibrinogen-like protein 1 (FGL1) is a potential novel immune checkpoint target for malignant tumor diagnosis and therapy. Accurate detection of FGL1 levels in tumors via noninvasive PET imaging might be beneficial for managing the disease. To achieve this, multiple FGL1-targeting Peptides (FGLP) were designed, and a promising candidate, ⁶⁸Ga-NOTA-FGLP2, was identified through a high-throughput screening approach using microPET imaging of ⁶⁸Ga-labeled Peptides. Subsequent in vitro cell experiments showed that uptake values of ⁶⁸Ga-NOTA-FGLP2 in FGL1 positive Huh7 tumor cells were significantly higher than those in FGL1 negative U87 MG tumor cells. Further microPET imaging showed that the Huh7 xenografts were clearly visualized with a favorable contrast. ROI analysis showed that the uptake values of the tracer in Huh7 xenografts were 2.63 ± 0.07% ID/g at 30 min p.i.. After treatment with an excess of unlabeled FGLP2, the tumor uptake significantly decreased to 0.54 ± 0.05% ID/g at 30 min p.i.. Moreover, the uptake in U87 MG xenografts was 0.44 ± 0.06% ID/g at the same time point. The tracer was excreted mainly through the renal system. ¹⁸F-FDG PET imaging was also performed in mice bearing Huh7 and U87 MG xenografts, respectively. However, there was no significant difference in the uptake between the tumors with different FGL1 expressions. Preclinical data indicated that ⁶⁸Ga-NOTA-FGLP2 might be a suitable radiotracer for in vivo noninvasive visualization of tumors with abundant expression of FGL1. Further investigation of ⁶⁸Ga-NOTA-FGLP2 for tumor diagnosis and therapy is undergoing.

FGL1; immune checkpoint inhibitor; positron emission tomography (PET); tumor.