2. Academic Validation
  3. Microbicides for Topical HIV Immunoprophylaxis: Current Status and Future Prospects

Microbicides for Topical HIV Immunoprophylaxis: Current Status and Future Prospects

  • Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2024 May 22;17(6):668. doi: 10.3390/ph17060668.
Yury V Zhernov 1 2 3,  Vladislava O Petrova 1,  Mark Y Simanduyev 4,  Denis V Shcherbakov 1 5,  Roman V Polibin 6,  Oleg V Mitrokhin 1,  Artem A Basov 1 7,  Nadezhda N Zabroda 1,  Sonya O Vysochanskaya 6 7,  Ezzulddin Al-Khaleefa 1,  Kamilla R Pashayeva 4,  Narmina Yu Feyziyeva 4
Affiliations

Affiliations

  • 1 Department of General Hygiene, F. Erismann Institute of Public Health, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435 Moscow, Russia.
  • 2 A.N. Sysin Research Institute of Human Ecology and Environmental Hygiene, Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency, 119435 Moscow, Russia.
  • 3 Fomin Clinic, 119192 Moscow, Russia.
  • 4 The Baku Branch, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State University (Sechenov University), Baku AZ1141, Azerbaijan.
  • 5 Department of Public Health and Healthcare, Omsk State Medical University, 644099 Omsk, Russia.
  • 6 Department of Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Medicine, F. Erismann Institute of Public Health, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435 Moscow, Russia.
  • 7 Diphtheria and Pertussis Surveillance Laboratory, G.N. Gabrichevsky Research Institute for Epidemiology and Microbiology, 125212 Moscow, Russia.
PMID: 38931337 DOI: 10.3390/ph17060668
Abstract

Microbicides, which are classified as topical antiseptic agents, are a revolutionary advancement in HIV prevention aimed to prevent the entry of infectious agents into the human body, thus stopping the sexual transmission of HIV and Other sexually transmitted diseases. Microbicides represent the promise of a new age in preventive measures against one of the world's most pressing health challenges. In addition to their direct Antiviral effects during HIV transmission, microbicides also influence vaginal mucosal immunity. This article reviews microbicides by presenting different drug classifications and highlighting significant representatives from each group. It also explains their mechanisms of action and presents information about vaginal mucosal immune responses, emphasizing the critical role they play in responding to HIV during sexual transmission. The article discusses the following groups of microbicides: Surfactants or membrane disruptors, vaginal milieu protectors, anionic Polymers, dendrimers, carbohydrate-binding proteins, HIV replication inhibitors (Reverse Transcriptase inhibitors), and multi-purpose prevention technologies, which combine protection against HIV, Other sexually transmitted diseases, and contraception. For each chemical compound, the article provides a brief overview of relevant preclinical and clinical research, emphasizing their potential as microbicides. The article offers insights into the multifaceted impact of microbicides, which signify a pivotal step forward in the pursuit of effective and accessible pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP).

Keywords

AIDS; HIV; acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; human immunodeficiency virus; microbicides; mucosal immunity; pre-exposure prophylaxis.

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