A Self-Assembled Transdermal Nanomedicines Incorporating Pendant Disulfides for Non-Invasive, Synergistic Treatment of Melanoma

Transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) offers lower systemic toxicity and good patient compliance, making it a promising treatment option for skin-related cancers. However, physiological barriers in the skin frequently impede the therapeutic efficiency of TDDS. To address this, a unique self-assembled TDDS that incorporates disulfide pendant groups (termed Sup-TDDS) is presented. It is formulated with dithiolane-containing lipoic acid (LA), photosensitizers Ce6, and chemotherapeutic agents trametinib. Pendant disulfide moieties on Sup-TDDS facilitate thiol-disulfide exchange reactions with exofacial thiols on cell surfaces, thus enhancing stratum corneum penetration. In contrast to intravenous injection, topical administration of Sup-TDDS can penetrate deeper into the skin (> 500 µm) and promote drug accumulation in subcutaneous tumors. In a B16F10-bearing mouse model, Sup-TDDS treatment demonstrates significant anti-tumor effects in primary and recurrent melanoma, benefiting from the synergistic effects of Ce6 and trametinib. These results underscore that Sup-TDDS's transdermal properties allow non-invasive melanoma therapy, implying the potential of nanodrugs containing pendant disulfides for transdermal treatment of skin illnesses.

drug delivery; melanoma; synergistic therapy; thiol‐mediated uptake; transdermal administration.