IFN-alpha 2b  (干扰素-α2b)

干扰素-α2b (IFNA2b; IFN-α2b)，属于 I 型干扰素家族，由暴露于 HIV-1BaL 的浆细胞样树突状细胞 (pDCs) 产生，以抑制病毒感染^[1]。干扰素 (IFN) 最初被认为是一种“干扰”体外病毒复制的物质。IFN-α/β 及其相关分子被分为 I 型 IFN，其他两类分别是 II 型 IFN (IFN-γ) 和 III 型 IFN (IFN-λ)^[2]。
干扰素-α2 亚型是目前唯一获准用于改善 HBV和 HCV 引起的乙型肝炎病毒感染疾病的亚型^[3]。IFN-alpha 2 在细胞中表现出 Sortilin 依赖性转运，并增加了 HIV 感染细胞中干扰素刺激基因 (ISGs) 的表达水平^[1][4]。它还对 CD8⁺ T 细胞具有细胞毒活性，能够增强 CD4⁺ T 细胞耗损^[3].
在干扰素-α2 的等位基因中，干扰素-α2b 为优势等位基因，干扰素-α2a 为劣势等位基因，干扰素-α2c 仅为次要等位基因^[5]。干扰素-α2 在癌症研究中也有着广泛的应用，包括一些对血液系统恶性肿瘤和实体瘤的研究^[6]。

IFN-alpha 2 (IFNA2; IFN-α2), belongs to the type I interferon family, produced by produced by the plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) exposure to HIV-1BaL in order to inhibit viral infection^[1]. Interferon (IFN) is originally identified as a substance ‘interfering’ with viral replication in vitro. IFN-α/β and related molecules are classified as type I IFNs, as for the other two types of type II IFN (IFN-γ) and type III IFNs (IFN-λ), respectively^[2].
IFN-alpha 2 subtype is the only one that is currently licensed to treat infections caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV) and HCV^[3]. IFN-alpha 2 shows a Sortilin-dependent trafficking in cells and increases the expression level of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) in HIV-infected cells^[1][4]. It also exhibits cytotoxic activity against CD8⁺ T cells and enhances CD4⁺ T cell depletion^[3].
Among the IFN-alpha 2 alleles, IFN-alpha 2b is being the predominant allele while IFNα-2a is less predominant and IFNα-2c only a minor allelic variant^[5]. IFN-alpha 2 has a bored application in research of cancer, including some hematological malignancies and solid tumors^[6].

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