FSH 蛋白, Human (HEK293, Flag-His)

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is a glycoprotein dimer polypeptide hormone produced by the anterior pituitary in response to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) from the hypothalamus, which consists of Glycoprotein hormones α chain and Follitropin subunit β. FSH binds to FSHR, a G protein-coupled receptor, on target cells to activate downstream signaling pathways. FSH is involved in follicle development and spermatogenesis in reproductive organs. FSH Protein, Human (HEK293, Flag-His) is a recombinant protein with a Flag-His label that consisting of 116 amino acids of Glycoprotein hormones α chain and 129 amino acids of Follitropin subunit β, which is expressed in HEK293 cells^{[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]}.

FSH 蛋白 (Human) 是一种含糖蛋白二聚体，具有 α 和 β 亚基。β 亚基是 FSH 特有的，而 α 亚基则与甲状腺刺激激素 (TSH),绒毛促性腺激素 (CG) 和黄体生成素 (LH) 相同^[1]。
卵泡的生长直接依赖于 FSH 蛋白 (Human) 的刺激。小卵泡中的颗粒细胞表达 FSH 蛋白 (Human) 受体，并通过合成芳香化酶对FSH 蛋白 (Human) 的刺激做出响应^[1]。
FSH 蛋白 (Human) 释放由促性腺激素释放激素 (GnRH) 刺激: 下丘脑产生 GnRH，并将其释放到垂体门脉循环中，作用于前垂体的促性腺细胞上的 G 蛋白偶联受体。促性腺细胞会产生 FSH 和黄体生成素 (LH)，并将它们释放到外周循环中^[4]。
FSH 蛋白 (Human) 调节人体的发育、生长、青春期成熟和生殖过程。FSH 蛋白 (Human) 通常用于不孕症治疗，主要用于卵巢过度刺激。在某些情况下，它也用于诱导排卵以纠正无排卵^[5]。
女性体内的 FSH 蛋白 (Human) 分泌受到雌激素水平的负反馈抑制，而男性体内的 FSH 蛋白 (Human) 分泌则受到由 Sertoli 细胞分泌的抑制蛋白 B 的负反馈抑制^[5,6]。
FSH 蛋白 (Human) 与多种疾病有关，如多囊卵巢综合症，男性不育，低促性腺激素性性腺功能减退，卡尔曼综合症，特纳综合症，垂体腺瘤等^[1,7,8,9]。

FSH 蛋白 (Human) (13.7, 24.1 和 69 IU/L) 的血清水平随着卵巢功能下降而升高，且其对体外受精 (IVF) 效果的预测能力优于年龄^[3]。

多种 α-肾上腺素阻滞剂阻断卵巢切除的恒河猴脉搏放电后，血浆中 FSH 蛋白 (Human) 的产生和分泌显著降低，表明 FSH 的产生和分泌在很大程度上依赖于下丘脑的 GnRH^[3]。

Measured in a cell proliferation assay using SK-OV-3 cells. The ED₅₀ for this effect is 0.048 ng/mL, corresponding to a specific activity is 2.083×10⁷ units/mg.

• 
  Measured in a cell proliferation assay using SK-OV-3 cells. The ED₅₀ for this effect is 0.048 ng/mL, corresponding to a specific activity is 2.083×10⁷ units/mg.

Human

HEK293

C-Flag;C-6*His

P01215 (A25-S116)&P01225 (N19-E129)

1081  [NCBI]&2488  [NCBI]

APDVQDCPECTLQENPFFSQPGAPILQCMGCCFSRAYPTPLRSKKTMLVQKNVTSESTCCVAKSYNRVTVMGGFKVENHTACHCSTCYYHKS&NSCELTNITIAIEKEECRFCISINTTWCAGYCYTRDLVYKDPARPKIQKTCTFKELVYETVRVPGCAHHADSLYTYPVATQCHCGKCDSDSTDCTVRGLGPSYCSFGEMKE

Approximately 19-30 kDa due to the glycosylation

• 
  Greater than 95% as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE.

无菌粉末

Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution of PBS, pH 7.4.

<1 EU/μg, determined by LAL method.

It is not recommended to reconstitute to a concentration less than 100 μg/mL in ddH₂O. For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% BSA, 5% HSA, 10% FBS or 5% Trehalose).

Stored at -20°C for 2 years. After reconstitution, it is stable at 4°C for 1 week or -20°C for longer (with carrier protein). It is recommended to freeze aliquots at -20°C or -80°C for extended storage.

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

• [1]. Barbieri RL. The endocrinology of the menstrual cycle. Methods Mol Biol. 2014;1154:145-69.  [Content Brief]

  [2]. Toner JP, et al. Basal follicle-stimulating hormone level is a better predictor of in vitro fertilization performance than age. Fertil Steril. 1991 Apr;55(4):784-91.  [Content Brief]

  [3]. Knobil E. The neuroendocrine control of the menstrual cycle. Recent Prog Horm Res. 1980;36:53-88.  [Content Brief]

  [4]. Yonkers KA, et al. Premenstrual disorders. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2018 Jan;218(1):68-74.  [Content Brief]

  [5]. Shaw ND, et al. Estrogen negative feedback on gonadotropin secretion: evidence for a direct pituitary effect in women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010 Apr;95(4):1955-61.  [Content Brief]

  [6]. Boepple PA, et al. Relative roles of inhibin B and sex steroids in the negative feedback regulation of follicle-stimulating hormone in men across the full spectrum of seminiferous epithelium function. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008 May;93(5):1809-14.  [Content Brief]

  [7]. Nieschlag E, et al. Role of FSH in the regulation of spermatogenesis: clinical aspects. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1999 Aug;51(2):139-46.  [Content Brief]

  [8]. Stamatiades GA, et al. Gonadotropin regulation by pulsatile GnRH: Signaling and gene expression. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2018 Mar 5;463:131-141.  [Content Brief]

  [9]. Pouresmaeili F, et al. Premature ovarian failure: a critical condition in the reproductive potential with various genetic causes. Int J Fertil Steril. 2014 Apr;8(1):1-12.  [Content Brief]