TGF beta 2/TGFB2 蛋白, Human

Transforming growth factor-beta 2 (TGF-β2), an extracellular glycosylated protein, is a member of the TGF-β superfamily. TGFβ2 controls key physiological processes including cell migration, proliferation and differentiation via signalling through type I and type II receptors (TGFβR1 and TGFβR2). TGF-β2 is an immune suppressor involved in the development of immune tolerance, and also regulates embryonic development^[1][2]. TGF beta 2/TGFB2 Protein, Human is produced in HEK293 cells, and consists of 112 amino acids (A303-S414).

在哺乳动物中，TGF-β 的三种不同亚型（TGF-β1、TGF-β2 和 TGF-β3；转化生长因子β）被描述为利用重叠但不冗余的机制来调节细胞凋亡、增殖、分化、迁移和侵袭过程。所有三种亚型均在肝脏中表达，但它们的表达在肝细胞类型之间分布存在差异。TGF-β2 在不同肝细胞类型中的表达也与小鼠发育缺陷和纤维化疾病相关^[1][2][3]。
不同物种的TGF-β2蛋白的氨基酸序列非常稳定，由此得出结论：TGF-β2在进化过程中仅发生了轻微的改变，无论是在人类还是在
TGFβ2 是一种转化生长因子 β (TGFB) 家族细胞因子，该细胞因子家族的成员发挥着广泛的调节作用，并通过信号传导控制细胞迁移、增殖和分化等关键生理过程。I 型和 II 型受体（TGFβR1 和 TGFβR2），信号通过下游调节 SMAD 蛋白传播。这种 TGFβ/SMAD 通路在人类癌症中经常失调。TGFβ 细胞因子能够抑制响应 IL-2 的 T 细胞生长。TGFβ2 表达的程度与肿瘤内免疫细胞亚群的几种不同标记物的表达相关。此外，TGF-β2 调节胚胎发育，因此，全球 Tgfb2 缺失小鼠表现出广泛的发育缺陷和围产期死亡率也就不足为奇了^[1][2]< super>[3]。
TGF-β2 是一种免疫抑制剂，参与免疫耐受的发展，重组 TGF-β2 孵育比 TGF-β1 或 TGF-β3 更能有效抑制巨噬细胞炎症回应。TGF-β2 显示与肝内 CCA 和肝细胞癌的不良预后相关。从机制上讲，经典 Smad 信号传导以及与 Yap、Hippo、Wnt 和 β-catenin 信号传导的串扰已在肝脏和其他器官中得到证实^[1][2][3]。

Recombinant human TGF-β2 (1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, and 20 ng/mL; for 24 h) increases extracellular matrix (ECM) protein synthesis and secretion in optic nerve head (ONH) astrocytes and lamina cribrosa (LC) cells. TGF-β2 induces phosphorylation of canonical signaling proteins Smad2/3 but does not alter phosphorylation of non-canonical signaling proteins ERK1/2, p38, and JNK1/2 proteins in ONH astrocytes and LC cells^[4].

1.The ED₅₀ is <0.2 ng/mL as measured by mouse HT-2 cells.
2.Measured by its ability to inhibit the IL-4-dependent proliferation of TF-1 cells.The ED₅₀ for this effect is 30-180 pg/mL.

Human

HEK293

Tag Free

P61812 (A303-S414)

7042  [NCBI]

ALDAAYCFRNVQDNCCLRPLYIDFKRDLGWKWIHEPKGYNANFCAGACPYLWSSDTQHSRVLSLYNTINPEASASPCCVSQDLEPLTILYYIGKTPKIEQLSNMIVKSCKCS

Approximately 12.7 kDa

Greater than 95% as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE.

无菌粉末

Lyophilized after extensive dialysis against 4 mM HCl.

<1 EU/μg, determined by LAL method.

It is not recommended to reconstitute to a concentration less than 100 μg/mL in ddH₂O. For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% BSA, 5% HSA, 10% FBS or 5% Trehalose).

Stored at -20°C for 2 years. After reconstitution, it is stable at 4°C for 1 week or -20°C for longer (with carrier protein). It is recommended to freeze aliquots at -20°C or -80°C for extended storage.

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

• [1]. Hirokazu Takahashi, et al. TGF-β2 is an exercise-induced adipokine that regulates glucose and fatty acid metabolism. Nat Metab. 2019 Feb;1(2):291-303.  [Content Brief]

  [2]. Zunqiang Xiao, et al. TGFβ2 is a prognostic-related biomarker and correlated with immune infiltrates in gastric cancer. J Cell Mol Med. 2020 Jul;24(13):7151-7162.  [Content Brief]

  [3]. Anne Dropmann, et al. TGF-β2 silencing to target biliary-derived liver diseases. Gut. 2020 Sep;69(9):1677-1690.  [Content Brief]

  [4]. Gulab S Zode, et al. Transforming growth factor-β2 increases extracellular matrix proteins in optic nerve head cells via activation of the Smad signaling pathway. Mol Vis. 2011;17:1745-58.  [Content Brief]