TNF alpha 蛋白, Human (His)

Tumour Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF alpha) is a potent pro-inflammatory cytokine^[1]. TNF alpha binds to its receptors, mainly TNFR1 and TNFR2, and then transmits molecular signals for biological functions such as inflammation and cell death^[2]. TNF alpha stimulates NF-κB pathway via TNFR2 promotes cancer growth, invasion, and metastasis. Anti-TNF-α MAb significantly suppresses the tumor development in colitis-associated cancer (CAC) mouse^[3]. TNF alpha as a proneurogenic factor activates the SAPK/JNK Pathway and can facilitate neuronal replacement and brain repair in response to brain injury^[4]. TNF alpha protein, Human (His) is a recombinant protein with a C-Terminal His label, It consists of 157 amino acids (V77-L233) and is produced in CHO cells.

TNF α 由巨噬细胞、单核细胞、中性粒细胞、T 细胞和 NK 细胞等多种细胞产生^[2]。
人 TNF α 蛋白的氨基酸序列同源性较低小鼠、大鼠、牛、食蟹猴之间的 TNF α 蛋白。而人TNFα与食蟹猴TNFα蛋白的氨基酸序列一致性为94.85%，小鼠TNFα与大鼠TNFα蛋白的氨基酸序列一致性为94.47%。
TNFα以两种形式存在；II 型跨膜蛋白 (tmTNF-α) 和成熟可溶性蛋白 (sTNF-α)。TNF-α与其受体（主要是TNFR1和TNFR2）结合，然后传递分子信号以实现炎症和细胞死亡等生物学功能。sTNF-α 和 tmTNF-α 均激活 TNFR1，并处理与 TNFR1 相关死亡结构域 (TRADD) 接头蛋白相互作用的死亡结构域 (DD)。TNFR2信号通路主要由tmTNF-α激活。TNFR1 信号传导往往具有促炎和凋亡作用。TNFR2 会导致 NF-κB 和 MAPK 以及 AKT 激活，TNFR2 激活与组织再生、细胞增殖和细胞存活以及宿主防御和炎症等稳态生物活性相关^[1]。
TNF-α 对正常免疫反应至关重要，异常分泌 TNF-α 激活滑膜成纤维细胞、角质形成细胞、破骨细胞，诱发类风湿性关节炎、炎症性肠病、银屑病关节炎 (PsA) 和非感染性葡萄膜炎 (NIU)^[3]。TNF α 独立于 Pgp 外排活性正向调节内源 TNF-α 表达水平，诱导 IHF 细胞增殖^[4]。组织中的 TNF α 可能促进癌症生长、侵袭和转移。此外，TNF α 通过 TNFR2 刺激 NF-κB 通路，而抗 TNF-α MAb 显着抑制结肠炎相关癌 (CAC) 小鼠的肿瘤发展^[5]。TNF α 作为一种原神经生成因子，可激活 SAPK/JNK 通路，并可促进脑损伤后的神经元替换和脑修复^[6]。

TNF alpha (重组人源蛋白) (0, 10, 15, 20, 30, 50 ng/mL; 24, 48 h) 在 30 ng/mL 浓度，48 小时后降低 KB-C1 细胞活力，减少 pro-caspase-3，裂解的 caspase -3 在 KB-C1 和 KB-3-1 细胞中的表达^[6].
TNF alpha (重组人源蛋白) (10, 15 ng/mL; 24 h) 显着增加 KB-3-1 细胞中 Pgp (ABCB1) 的 mRNA 水平，促进总 Pgp 蛋白水平的表达降低，轻微降低 KB-C1 细胞表面的的 Pgp 蛋白水平，并可能通过 ERK 激活刺激 IHF 细胞增殖^[6]。

TNF alpha (重组人源蛋白) (100 µg; 后背植入锇泵; 每日注入，共 7 天) 在 SCID-HuRAg 小鼠中，显着增加炎症细胞的数量，并且滑膜炎症的程度显着加剧^[7]。

Measured in a cytotoxicity assay using L-929 mouse fibroblast cells in the presence of the metabolic inhibitor actinomycin D. The ED₅₀ for this effect is < 0.13 ng/mL.

• 
  Measured in a cytotoxicity assay using L-929 mouse fibroblast cells in the presence of the metabolic inhibitor actinomycin D. The ED₅₀ for this effect is 0.4678 pg/mL, corresponding to a specific activity is 2.137×10⁹ units/mg.

Human

E. coli

N-His

P01375 (V77-L233)

7124  [NCBI]

VRSSSRTPSDKPVAHVVANPQAEGQLQWLNRRANALLANGVELRDNQLVVPSEGLYLIYSQVLFKGQGCPSTHVLLTHTISRIAVSYQTKVNLLSAIKSPCQRETPEGAEAKPWYEPIYLGGVFQLEKGDRLSAEINRPDYLDFAESGQVYFGIIAL

Approximately 18 kDa

• 
  Greater than 90% as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE.

无菌粉末

Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution of PBS, 300 mM NaCl, pH 7.4 or PBS, pH 7.4.

<1 EU/μg, determined by LAL method.

It is not recommended to reconstitute to a concentration less than 100 μg/mL in ddH₂O. For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% BSA, 5% HSA, 10% FBS or 5% Trehalose).

Stored at -20°C for 2 years. After reconstitution, it is stable at 4°C for 1 week or -20°C for longer (with carrier protein). It is recommended to freeze aliquots at -20°C or -80°C for extended storage.

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

• [1]. Horiuchi T, et al. Transmembrane TNF-alpha: structure, function and interaction with anti-TNF agents. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2010 Jul;49(7):1215-28.  [Content Brief]

  [2]. El-Tahan RR, et al. TNF-α gene polymorphisms and expression. Springerplus. 2016 Sep 7;5(1):1508.  [Content Brief]

  [3]. Jang DI, et al. The Role of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-α) in Autoimmune Disease and Current TNF-α Inhibitors in Therapeutics. Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Mar 8;22(5):2719.  [Content Brief]

  [4]. Berguetti T, et al. TNF-α Modulates P-Glycoprotein Expression and Contributes to Cellular Proliferation via Extracellular Vesicles. Cells. 2019 May 24;8(5):500.  [Content Brief]

  [5]. Onizawa M, et al. Signaling pathway via TNF-alpha/NF-kappaB in intestinal epithelial cells may be directly involved in colitis-associated carcinogenesis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2009 Apr;296(4):G850-9.  [Content Brief]

  [6]. Bernardino L, et al. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha modulates survival, proliferation, and neuronal differentiation in neonatal subventricular zone cell cultures. Stem Cells. 2008 Sep;26(9):2361-71.  [Content Brief]

  [7]. Matsuno H, et al. The role of TNF-alpha in the pathogenesis of inflammation and joint destruction in rheumatoid arthritis (RA): a study using a human RA/SCID mouse chimera. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2002 Mar;41(3):329-37.  [Content Brief]