2. Immunology/Inflammation NF-κB Metabolic Enzyme/Protease Membrane Transporter/Ion Channel PI3K/Akt/mTOR
  3. Reactive Oxygen Species ATP Synthase mTOR Endogenous Metabolite
  4. D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid

D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid  (Synonyms: (R)-2-Hydroxyglutarate; (R)-2-Hydroxyglutaric acid; (R)-2-Hydroxypentanedioic acid)

目录号: HY-113038
产品使用指南

摩尔计算器

D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid ((R)-2-Hydroxyglutarate) 是神经代谢疾病 D-2-羟基戊二酸尿症中积累的主要代谢产物。D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid 是 α-酮戊二酸 (α-KG) 的弱竞争拮抗剂，可抑制多种 α-KG 依赖性双加氧酶 (dioxygenases)，Ki 为 10.87 mM。D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid 可增加活性氧 (ROS) 的产生。D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid 还可结合并抑制 ATP 合酶并抑制 mTOR 信号传导。

该游离形式化合物不稳定，推荐具有相同生物学活性的稳定盐形式 D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid disodium。

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D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid Chemical Structure

D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 13095-47-1

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D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid 的其他形式现货产品:

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Other Forms of D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid:

D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid 相关抗体

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  • 生物活性

  • 纯度 & 产品资料

  • 参考文献

生物活性

D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid ((R)-2-Hydroxyglutarate) is the principal metabolite accumulating in neurometabolic disease D-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria. D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid is a weak competitive antagonist of α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) and inhibits multiple α-KG-dependent dioxygenases with a Ki of 10.87 mM. D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid binds and inhibits ATP synthase and inhibits mTOR signaling[1][2][3][4][5].

IC50 & Target

Microbial Metabolite

 

Human Endogenous Metabolite

 

体外研究
(In Vitro)

D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid ((R)-2-hydroxyglutarate) accumulates in human cancers carrying neomorphic mutations in the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) 1 and 2 genes[1][2].
A partial inhibition of KDM7A toward both H3K9me2 and H3K27me2 peptides is observed in the presence of 50 mM D-2-HG and 100 μM α-ketoglutarate (α-KG). Addition of 300 μM α-KG is capable of reversing the inhibition of Caenorhabditis elegans KDM7A (CeKDM7A) by 50 mM D-2-HG, indicating that D-2-HG is a weak competitive inhibitor against α-KG toward the CeKDM7A demethylase[1].
D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid is a weak inhibitor of TET hydroxylases. In the presence of 0.1 mM of α-KG, addition of 10 mM D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid results in a partial (33%) inhibition of TET2 and addition of 50 mM D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid results in more inhibition (83%) of TET2. D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid exhibits a less pronounced inhibitory effect toward TET1[1].

MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid 相关抗体:
体内研究
(In Vivo)

D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid strongly inhibits glucose utilization, CO2 production and the respiratory chain in rat cerebral cortex and human skeletal muscle, as well as in submitochondrial particles from bovine heart, suggesting an impairment of the aerobic metabolism[5].
D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid has also been proposed as an endogenous excitotoxic organic acid because it significantly decreased cell viability in neuronal cultures from chick embryo telencephalons and from neonatal rat hippocampus through stimulation of specific NMDA glutamate receptors[5].
D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid (0.01-1 mM) significantly increases chemiluminescence and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBA-RS) and decreased total antioxidant reactivity (TAR) values in the cortical supernatants in 30-day-old-rats[5].

MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
分子量

148.11

Formula

C5H8O5
CAS 号
中文名称

2-羟基-D-谷氨酸；(R)-2-羟基戊二酸
结构分类
初始来源
运输条件

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
储存方式

Please store the product under the recommended conditions in the Certificate of Analysis.
溶解性数据
细胞实验： 

H2O 中的溶解度 : 200 mg/mL (1350.35 mM; 超声助溶)

配制储备液
浓度 溶剂体积 质量 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 6.7517 mL 33.7587 mL 67.5174 mL
5 mM 1.3503 mL 6.7517 mL 13.5035 mL
查看完整储备液配制表

* 备注：如您选择水作为储备液，请稀释至工作液后，再用 0.22 μm 的滤膜过滤除菌后使用。

  • 摩尔计算器

  • 稀释计算器

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

质量
=
浓度
×
体积
×
分子量 *

Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

浓度 (start)

C1

×
体积 (start)

V1

=
浓度 (final)

C2

×
体积 (final)

V2

动物溶解方案计算器
请输入动物实验的基本信息：

给药剂量

mg/kg

动物的平均体重

g

每只动物的给药体积

μL

动物数量

只
由于实验过程有损耗，建议您多配一只动物的量
计算结果
工作液所需浓度 : mg/mL
该产品水溶性佳，请具体参考实测 水 / PBS / Saline 中的溶解度数据。
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纯度 & 产品资料
参考文献

D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid 相关分类

完整储备液配制表

可选溶剂 浓度 溶剂体积 质量 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
H2O 1 mM 6.7517 mL 33.7587 mL 67.5174 mL 168.7935 mL
5 mM 1.3503 mL 6.7517 mL 13.5035 mL 33.7587 mL
10 mM 0.6752 mL 3.3759 mL 6.7517 mL 16.8793 mL
15 mM 0.4501 mL 2.2506 mL 4.5012 mL 11.2529 mL
20 mM 0.3376 mL 1.6879 mL 3.3759 mL 8.4397 mL
25 mM 0.2701 mL 1.3503 mL 2.7007 mL 6.7517 mL
30 mM 0.2251 mL 1.1253 mL 2.2506 mL 5.6264 mL
40 mM 0.1688 mL 0.8440 mL 1.6879 mL 4.2198 mL
50 mM 0.1350 mL 0.6752 mL 1.3503 mL 3.3759 mL
60 mM 0.1125 mL 0.5626 mL 1.1253 mL 2.8132 mL
80 mM 0.0844 mL 0.4220 mL 0.8440 mL 2.1099 mL
100 mM 0.0675 mL 0.3376 mL 0.6752 mL 1.6879 mL

* 备注：如您选择水作为储备液，请稀释至工作液后，再用 0.22 μm 的滤膜过滤除菌后使用。

Help & FAQs
  • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

    Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

Keywords:

D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid13095-47-1(R)-2-Hydroxyglutarate (R)-2-Hydroxyglutaric acid (R)-2-Hydroxypentanedioic acid2-羟基-D-谷氨酸(R)-2-羟基戊二酸Reactive Oxygen SpeciesATP SynthasemTOREndogenous MetaboliteMammalian target of RapamycinCeKDM7Aα-ketoglutarateH3K9me2H3K27me2competitorIDH1IDH25-methlycytosineexcitotoxicneurotoxicInhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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