Dynorphin A TFA  (Synonyms: 强啡肽A 三氟乙酸)

Dynorphin A TFA is an endogenous opioid peptide involved in inhibitory neurotransmission in the central nervous system (CNS). Dynorphin A TFA is a highy potent kappa opioid receptor (KOR) agonist, and is also an agonist for other opioid receptors, such as mu (MOR) and delta (DOR). Dynorphin A TFA can induce neuronal death, and can be used in the research of neurological disease^[1][2].

Dynorphin A TFA (10 μM, 4 h/72 h) increases caspase-3 activity and the level of cytochrome c released from mitochondria in mouse striatal neurons, and induces neuronal death^[3].
dynorphin A TFA (33 μM, 4 h) elevates [Ca²⁺]_i and causes a significant loss of neurons^[4].
dynorphin A TFA (1 μM) inhibits the release of vasopressin (VP) from the isolated neural lobe^[5].

MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Dynorphin A TFA (intracerebroventricular injection, 1 μg of 2 μL, a single dose) inhibits vasopressin (VP) release in 24 h water-deprived male rats^[5].
Dynorphin A TFA (intracerebroventricular injection, 500 pmol/5 μL per day for 4 d) alleviates stress-induced behavioral impairments in ddY mice accompanied by regulation of the 5-HTergic system in the brain^[6].

MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

2261.50

C₁₀₁H₁₅₆F₃N₃₁O₂₅

Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Leu-Arg-Arg-Ile-Arg-Pro-Lys-Leu-Lys-Trp-Asp-Asn-Gln

YGGFLRRIRPKLKWDNQ

强啡肽A 三氟乙酸

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Please store the product under the recommended conditions in the Certificate of Analysis.

• [1]. Zhang, et al.Dynorphin A as a Potential Endogenous Ligand for Four Members of the Opioid Receptor Gene Family. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1998 Jul;286(1):136-41.  [Content Brief]

  [2]. Aruna Sharma, et al. Monoclonal antibodies as novel neurotherapeutic agents in CNS injury and repair. Int Rev Neurobiol. 2012;102:23-45.  [Content Brief]

  [3]. I. N. SINGH, et al. Dynorphin A (1–17) induces apoptosis in striatal neurons in vitro through AMPA/kainate receptor-mediated cytochrome c release and caspase-3 activation. Neuroscience. 2003;122(4):1013-23.  [Content Brief]

  [4]. B J Van de Heijning, et al. Dynorphin-A and vasopressin release in the rat: a structure-activity study. Neuropeptides. 1994 Jun;26(6):371-8.  [Content Brief]

  [5]. Takayoshi Mamiya, et al. Dynorphin a (1-13) alleviated stress-induced behavioral impairments in mice. Biol Pharm Bull. 2014;37(8):1269-73.  [Content Brief]

  [6]. K F Hauser, et al. Dynorphin A (1-13) neurotoxicity in vitro: opioid and non-opioid mechanisms in mouse spinal cord neurons. Exp Neurol. 1999 Dec;160(2):361-75.  [Content Brief]