Zaltoprofen, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, inhibits bradykinin-induced pain responses without blocking bradykinin receptors

Zaltoprofen, a preferential COX-2 Inhibitor, exhibited a potent inhibitory action on the nociceptive responses induced by a retrograde infusion of bradykinin into the right common carotid artery in rats. However, other COX-2 preferential inhibitors such as meloxicam and etodolac did not exhibit any apparent action, and also, preferential COX-1 inhibitors mofezolac and indomethacin, COX-1 and COX-2 Inhibitor loxoprofen sodium showed a weak effect. These non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) except for zaltoprofen, strongly inhibited an acetic acid-induced writhing response related to PGs based on COX-1, at lower doses. Zaltoprofen had a moderate inhibitory effect compared with those of the above-mentioned NSAIDs. These results suggest that the inhibitory effect of zaltoprofen on bradykinin-induced nociceptive responses is not explainable by the inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX). So, we examined the inhibitory effect of zaltoprofen on bradykinin-induced nociceptive responses by performing several in vitro experiments. Zaltoprofen did not bind to B(1) and B(2) receptors in a radio-ligand binding assay. In the cultured dorsal root ganglion cells of mature mice, zaltoprofen completely inhibited the bradykinin-induced increase of [CA(2+)](i), which was inhibited by B(2) antagonist D-Arg-[Hyp(3), Thi(5,8), D-Phe(7)]-bradykinin, but not by B(1) antagonist. In addition, the inhibition of zaltoprofen on the increase of [CA(2+)](i) was observed even under extracellular CA(2+)-free conditions. The above results suggest that zaltoprofen produces an analgesic action on bradykinin-induced nociceptive responses by blocking the B(2) receptor-mediated pathway in the primary sensory neurons. Taken together, these results suggest that zaltoprofen may serve as a potent and superior analgesic for the treatment of pain.