2. Academic Validation
  3. IL-36 Cytokines: Regulators of Inflammatory Responses and Their Emerging Role in Immunology of Reproduction

IL-36 Cytokines: Regulators of Inflammatory Responses and Their Emerging Role in Immunology of Reproduction

  • Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Apr 3;20(7):1649. doi: 10.3390/ijms20071649.
José Martin Murrieta-Coxca 1 2,  Sandra Rodríguez-Martínez 3,  Mario Eugenio Cancino-Diaz 4,  Udo R Markert 5,  Rodolfo R Favaro 6,  Diana M Morales-Prieto 7
Affiliations

Affiliations

  • 1 Placenta Lab, Department of Obstetrics, Jena University Hospital, 07740 Jena, Germany. josemartin.murrietacoxca@uni-jena.de.
  • 2 Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, 11340 Mexico City, Mexico. josemartin.murrietacoxca@uni-jena.de.
  • 3 Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, 11340 Mexico City, Mexico. sandrarodm@yahoo.com.mx.
  • 4 Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, 11340 Mexico City, Mexico. mecancinod@gmail.com.
  • 5 Placenta Lab, Department of Obstetrics, Jena University Hospital, 07740 Jena, Germany. markert@med.uni-jena.de.
  • 6 Placenta Lab, Department of Obstetrics, Jena University Hospital, 07740 Jena, Germany. rodolfo.favaro@med.uni-jena.de.
  • 7 Placenta Lab, Department of Obstetrics, Jena University Hospital, 07740 Jena, Germany. diana.morales@med.uni-jena.de.
PMID: 30987081 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071649
Abstract

The IL-36 subfamily of cytokines has been recently described as part of the IL-1 superfamily. It comprises three pro-inflammatory agonists (IL-36α, IL-36β, and IL-36γ), their receptor (IL-36R), and one antagonist (IL-36RA). Although expressed in a variety of cells, the biological relevance of IL-36 cytokines is most evident in the communication between epithelial cells, dendritic cells, and neutrophils, which constitute the common triad responsible for the initiation, maintenance, and expansion of inflammation. The immunological role of IL-36 cytokines was initially described in studies of psoriasis, but novel evidence demonstrates their involvement in further immune and inflammatory processes in physiological and pathological situations. Preliminary studies have reported a dynamic expression of IL-36 cytokines in the female reproductive tract throughout the menstrual cycle, as well as their association with the production of immune mediators and cellular recruitment in the vaginal microenvironment contributing to host defense. In pregnancy, alteration of the placental IL-36 axis has been reported upon Infection and pre-eclampsia suggesting its pivotal role in the regulation of maternal immune responses. In this review, we summarize current knowledge regarding the regulatory mechanisms and biological actions of IL-36 cytokines, their participation in different inflammatory conditions, and the emerging data on their potential role in normal and complicated pregnancies.

Keywords

IL-1 superfamily; IL-36 cytokines; inflammation; pregnancy; uterus.

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