2. Academic Validation
  3. Polyaniline-Based Glyco-Condensation on Au Nanoparticles Enhances Immunotherapy in Lung Cancer

Polyaniline-Based Glyco-Condensation on Au Nanoparticles Enhances Immunotherapy in Lung Cancer

  • ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2022 Jun 1;14(21):24144-24159. doi: 10.1021/acsami.2c03839.
Wen-Pin Su 1 2 3,  Li-Chan Chang 1,  Wei-How Song 4,  Li-Xing Yang 5 3,  Liu-Chun Wang 4,  Zi-Chun Chia 5,  Yu-Cheng Chin 5,  Yan-Shen Shan 1 6,  Chih-Chia Huang 5 3,  Chen-Sheng Yeh 4 3
Affiliations

Affiliations

  • 1 Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan.
  • 2 Departments of Oncology and Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan.
  • 3 Center of Applied Nanomedicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
  • 4 Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
  • 5 Department of Photonics, Center for Micro/Nano Science and Technology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
  • 6 Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan.
PMID: 35579575 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c03839
Abstract

Lung Cancer is considered among the deadliest cancers with a poor prognosis. Au@PG nanoparticles (NPs) are gold (Au)-based NPs featuring a polyaniline-based glyco structure (PG) generated from the polymerization of ortho-nitrophenyl-β-d-galactopyranoside (ONPG) with promising M1 macrophage polarization activity, resulting in tumor remodeling and from a cold to a hot microenvironment, which promotes the cytotoxic T cell response and tumor inhibition. The combination of Au@PG NPs and anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) therapy improved tumor inhibition and immunosuppression, accompanied by the secretion of immunogenic cytokines. A one-pot synthetic method was developed to achieve glyco-condensation during the formation of Au@PG NPs, which induced macrophage polarization more efficiently than Au@glucose, Au@mannose, and Au@galactose NPs. The switch from M2 to M1 macrophages was dependent on NP size, with smaller Au@PG NPs performing better than larger ones, with effectiveness ranked as follows: 32.2 nm ≈ 29.8 nm < 26.4 nm < 18.3 nm. Cellular uptake by endocytosis induced size-dependent endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, which resulted in the activation of spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk), leading to immune modulations and macrophage polarization. Our results suggested the promising potential of Au@PG NPs in lung Cancer Immunotherapy.

Keywords

carbohydrate; immunotherapy; lung cancer; macrophage polarization; nanoparticle; tumor-associated macrophage.

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