Gubi decoction mitigates knee osteoarthritis via promoting chondrocyte autophagy through METTL3-mediated ATG7 m6A methylation

Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a chronic joint disease that significantly affects the health of the elderly. As an herbal remedy, Gubi decoction (GBD) has been traditionally used for the treatment of osteoarthritis-related syndromes. However, the anti-KOA efficacy and mechanism of GBD remain unclear. This study aimed to experimentally investigate the anti-KOA efficacy and the underlying mechanism of GBD. The medial meniscus (DMM) mice model and IL-1β-stimulated chondrocytes were, respectively, constructed as in vivo and in vitro models of KOA to evaluate the osteoprotective effect and molecular mechanism of GBD. The UPLC-MS/MS analysis showed that GBD mainly contained pinoresinol diglucoside, rehmannioside D, hesperidin, liquiritin, baohuoside I, glycyrrhizic acid, kaempferol and tangeretin. Animal experiment showed that GBD could alleviate articular cartilage destruction and recover histopathological alterations in DMM mice. In addition, GBD inhibited chondrocyte Apoptosis and restored DMM-induced dysregulated Autophagy evidenced by the upregulation of Atg7 and LC3 II/LC3 I but decreased p62 level. Mechanistically, METTL3-mediated m⁶A modification decreased the expression of Atg7 in DMM mice, as it could be significantly attenuated by GBD. METTL3 overexpression significantly counteracted the protective effect of GBD on chondrocyte Autophagy. Further research showed that GBD promoted proteasome-mediated ubiquitination degradation of METLL3. Our findings suggest that GBD could act as a protective agent against KOA. The protective effect of GBD may result from its promotion on chondrocyte Autophagy by suppressing METTL3-dependent Atg7 m⁶A methylation.

Gubi decoction; METTL3; autophagy; chondrocyte; knee osteoarthritis; m6A modification.