Metabolic immaturity and breastmilk bile acid metabolites are central determinants of heightened newborn vulnerability to norovirus diarrhea

Affiliations

• 1 Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
• 2 Department of Family Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
• 3 Pediatric Mucosal Inflammation and Regeneration Research Program, Center for Pediatric Translational Research and Education, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
• 4 Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
• 5 Department of Pathology, Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
• 6 Department of Family Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
• 7 Pediatric Mucosal Inflammation and Regeneration Research Program, Center for Pediatric Translational Research and Education, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Department of Research & Development, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
• 8 Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
• 9 Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA. Electronic address: skarst@ufl.edu.