Overcoming tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance in lung cancer brain metastasis with CTLA4 blockade

Affiliations

• 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai 200040, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai 200040, China; Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai 200040, China.
• 2 Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; Institute for Translational Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, MOE Innovative Center for New Drug Development of Immune Inflammatory Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
• 3 Institute for Translational Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, MOE Innovative Center for New Drug Development of Immune Inflammatory Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
• 4 Department of General Surgery, Jing'an District Central Hospital of Shanghai, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200042, China.
• 5 Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies (SIAIS), Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai 201210, China.
• 6 Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
• 7 Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; Institute for Translational Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, MOE Innovative Center for New Drug Development of Immune Inflammatory Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China. Electronic address: chiy@fudan.edu.cn.
• 8 Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai 200040, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai 200040, China; Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai 200040, China. Electronic address: drhuawei@fudan.edu.cn.
• 9 Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai 200040, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai 200040, China; Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai 200040, China; Research Unit of New Technologies of Micro-Endoscopy Combination in Skull Base Surgery (2018RU008), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China. Electronic address: maoying@fudan.edu.cn.