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  3. Inhibition of GSK3β is synthetic lethal with FHIT loss in lung cancer by blocking homologous recombination repair

Inhibition of GSK3β is synthetic lethal with FHIT loss in lung cancer by blocking homologous recombination repair

  • Exp Mol Med. 2025 Feb;57(1):167-183. doi: 10.1038/s12276-024-01374-0.
Shishi Tao 1,  Yue Pu 1,  Eun Ju Yang 1,  Guowen Ren 2,  Changxiang Shi 3,  Li-Jie Chen 1,  Liang Chen 4,  Joong Sup Shim 5 6
Affiliations

Affiliations

  • 1 Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China.
  • 2 Institute of Cancer Research, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China.
  • 3 Nanjing Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Preservation and Restoration, Nanjing Women and Children's Healthcare Institute, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Women and Children's Healthcare Hospital), Nanjing, 210004, China.
  • 4 Shenzhen Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
  • 5 Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China. jsshim@um.edu.mo.
  • 6 MOE Frontiers Science Centre for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China. jsshim@um.edu.mo.
PMID: 39762409 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-024-01374-0
Abstract

FHIT is a fragile site tumor suppressor that is primarily inactivated upon tobacco smoking. FHIT loss is frequently observed in lung Cancer, making it an important biomarker for the development of targeted therapy for lung Cancer. Here, we report that inhibitors of glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β) and the homologous recombination DNA repair (HRR) pathway are synthetic lethal with FHIT loss in lung Cancer. Pharmacological inhibition or siRNA depletion of GSK3β selectively suppressed the growth of FHIT-deficient lung Cancer tumors in vitro and in animal models. We further showed that FHIT inactivation leads to the activation of DNA damage repair pathways, including the HRR and NHEJ pathways, in lung Cancer cells. Conversely, FHIT-deficient cells are highly dependent on HRR for survival under DNA damage stress. The inhibition of GSK3β in FHIT-deficient cells suppressed the ATR/BRCA1/RAD51 axis in HRR signaling via two distinct pathways and suppressed DNA double-strand break repair, leading to the accumulation of DNA damage and Apoptosis. Small molecule inhibitors of HRR, but not NHEJ or PARP, induced synthetic lethality in FHIT-deficient lung Cancer cells. The findings of this study suggest that the GSK3β and HRR pathways are potential drug targets in lung Cancer patients with FHIT loss.

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