CCL13  (趋化因子 CCL13)

CCL13 又称单核细胞趋化蛋白 MCP-4，是一种属于 CC 趋化因子家族的小细胞因子，位于人类第 17 号染色体上。在氨基酸水平上，人 CCL13 与人 CCL2 有 65% 的同一性。CCL13 可以通过结合细胞表面 G 蛋白连接的趋化因子受体，如 CCR1、CCR2、CCR3、CCR5 和 CCR11，作为单核细胞、巨噬细胞、T 淋巴细胞、未成熟 DC、嗜酸性粒细胞和嗜碱性粒细胞的化学引诱物。CCL13 还可引起嗜碱性粒细胞释放组胺和嗜酸性粒细胞脱粒，并可引起内皮细胞、上皮细胞和肌肉细胞中粘附分子的表达和促炎细胞因子的产生^[1]。CCL13 在过敏性和非过敏性炎症两侧的白细胞蓄积中发挥作用。研究表明，CCL13 在哮喘和过敏性鼻炎中上调，并且与患者气道中募集的单核细胞/巨噬细胞和嗜酸性粒细胞的数量有关。可能参与动脉粥样硬化疾病过程中单核细胞向动脉壁的募集，并在长期暴露于外源性病原体的组织中对单核细胞的吸引起作用。CCL13 也可以通过促进细胞凋亡和耐药性导致肿瘤细胞产生耐药性^[2]。

CCL13, also known as monocyte chemotactic protein MCP-4, is a small cell factor belonging to the CC chemokine family and is located on human chromosome 17. At the amino acid level, human CCL13 shares 65% identity with human CCL2. CCL13 can act as a chemoattractant for monocytes, macrophages, T lymphocytes, immature DCs, eosinophils, and basophils by binding to cell surface G protein-linked chemokine receptors such as CCR1, CCR2, CCR3, CCR5, and CCR11. CCL13 also induces histamine release from basophils and eosinophil degranulation, and causes expression of adhesion molecules and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in endothelial cells, epithelial cells and muscle cells^[1]. CCL13 plays a role in leukocyte accumulation on both sides of allergic and non-allergic inflammation. Studies have shown that CCL13 is upregulated in asthma and allergic rhinitis and is associated with the number of monocytes/macrophages and eosinophils recruited in the airways of patients. It may be involved in the recruitment of monocytes to the arterial wall during atherosclerotic disease and plays a role in the attraction of monocytes in tissues chronically exposed to exogenous pathogens. ccl13 may also contribute to the development of drug resistance in tumor cells by promoting apoptosis and drug resistance^[2].

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