1. Signaling Pathways
  2. NF-κB
  3. NF-κB

NF-κB (核因子κB)

Nuclear factor-κB; Nuclear factor-kappaB

NF-κB(活化 B 细胞的核因子 κ 轻链增强子)是一种控制 DNA 转录的蛋白质复合物。NF-κB 存在于几乎所有动物细胞类型中,并参与细胞对压力、细胞因子、自由基、紫外线照射、氧化 LDL 以及细菌或病毒抗原等刺激的反应。NF-κB 在调节对感染的免疫反应中起着关键作用。NF-κB 的错误调节与癌症、炎症和自身免疫性疾病、感染性休克、病毒感染和免疫发育不当有关。NF-κB 还与突触可塑性和记忆过程有关。哺乳动物 NF-κB 家族中有五种蛋白质:NF-κB1、NF-κB2、RelA、RelB、c-Rel。

NF-κB (Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) is a protein complex that controls transcription of DNA. NF-κB is found in almost all animal cell types and is involved in cellular responses to stimuli such as stress, cytokines, free radicals, ultraviolet irradiation, oxidized LDL, and bacterial or viral antigens. NF-κB plays a key role in regulating the immune response to infection. Incorrect regulation of NF-κB has been linked to cancer, inflammatory, and autoimmune diseases, septic shock, viral infection, and improper immune development. NF-κB has also been implicated in processes of synaptic plasticity and memory. There are five proteins in the mammalian NF-κB family: NF-κB1, NF-κB2, RelA, RelB, c-Rel.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-100581
    CORM-3
    CORM-3 是一种 CO 释放分子,能减弱 NF-κB p65 的核异位,减少 ROS 的生成,并提高细胞内谷胱甘肽和超氧化物歧化酶的水平。CORM-3 可减少 NLRP3 炎症小体的激活
    CORM-3
  • HY-N0763
    Angelicin

    异补骨脂素

    Inhibitor 99.98%
    Angelicin 是一种呋喃香豆素类 NF-κBMAPK 信号抑制剂,具有抗炎、抗病毒和抗肿瘤活性。Angelicin 能够抑制 γ-疱疹病毒 (如 MHV-68) 裂解复制,作用于病毒感染早期,并可能抑制 RTA 基因表达 (IC50=28.95 μM)。Angelicin 还通过抑制 NF-κB 磷酸化和核转位,以及抑制 p38JNK 磷酸化来减轻炎症反应。Angelicin 下调抗凋亡蛋白 (如 Bcl-2Bcl-xLMcl-1) 并激活 caspase-9caspase-3 来诱导神经母细胞瘤细胞的凋亡 (apoptosis)。
    Angelicin
  • HY-N0408
    Picroside II

    胡黄连苷II

    Inhibitor 99.91%
    Picroside II 是一种可口服的抗氧化剂,可以减少 ROS 产生和保护 (CI/R) 损伤后的血脑屏障 (BBB),具有神经保护作用。Picroside II 具有抗氧化,免疫调节,抗病毒,抑制细胞凋亡活性,并通过抑制 NLRP3 炎性体和 NF-κB 通路的激活,减轻脓毒症的炎症反应。
    Picroside II
  • HY-N2464
    Maltotetraose

    麦芽四糖

    Inhibitor 99.59%
    Maltotetraose 可以作为生物流体中酶联测定淀粉酶活性的一个底物。Maltotetraose 具有口服活性,通过抑制 NF-κB 活性和减少 ICAM-1 表达来降低 TNF-α 诱导的炎症反应。Maltotetraose 还能抑制 PDGF 诱导的血管平滑肌细胞迁移和新生血管形成。此外,Maltotetraose 衍生物 可作为探针,通过靶向细菌麦芽糊精转运蛋白 (maltodextrin transporter) 以检测细菌感染。Maltotetraose 具有良好的长期安全性,有望用于动脉硬化相关疾病研究。
    Maltotetraose
  • HY-108039
    Bezisterim Inhibitor
    Bezisterim (HE 3286; NE-3107) 是天然抗炎类固醇 β-AET 的合成衍生物。Bezisterim 是具有口服活性的 NF-κB 部分抑制剂。Bezisterim 降低了促炎信号,包括 IL-6 和基质金属肽酶 3。Bezisterim 可自由穿过小鼠血脑屏障。Bezisterim 可用于溃疡性结肠炎、关节炎、实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎的研究。Bezisterim 是一种点击化学试剂。它含有 Alkyne 基团,可以和含有 Azide 基团的分子发生铜催化的叠氮-炔环加成反应 (CuAAc)。
    Bezisterim
  • HY-N0034
    Arctiin

    牛蒡子苷

    Inhibitor 99.92%
    Arctiin(NSC 315527)是植物木酚素,可从牛蒡种子中提取,具有抗癌活性。
    Arctiin
  • HY-N0212
    Peimine

    贝母甲素

    Inhibitor 99.43%
    Peimine (Verticine; Dihydroisoimperialine) 是一种具有口服活性的天然产物。Peimine 具有消炎、镇痛、止咳的作用。Peimine 可用于癌症和炎症相关研究。
    Peimine
  • HY-N0316
    Mollugin

    大叶茜草素

    Inhibitor 99.48%
    Mollugin 是一种口服有效的 NF-κB 抑制剂。Mollugin 诱导 HepG2 细胞 S 期阻滞,增加细胞内活性氧 (ROS) 水平。Mollugin 诱导 HepG2 细胞 DNA 损伤,并增加 p-H2AX 的表达。Mollugin 通过抑制 TNF-α 诱导的 NF-κB 活化而具有抗癌作用。Mollugin 通过 p38-Smad 信号通路增强 BMP-2 (骨形态发生蛋白 2) 的成骨作用。
    Mollugin
  • HY-B1971
    Deltamethrin

    溴氰菊酯

    99.93%
    Deltamethrin (Decamethrin) 是一种具有口服活性的人工合成的拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂。Deltamethrin通过抑制 Nrf2/HO-1 通路诱导氧化应激,导致炎症反应和细胞凋亡 (apoptosis),通过诱导细胞凋亡 (apoptosis) 而发挥抗肿瘤作用,可广泛用于害虫防治。
    Deltamethrin
  • HY-N0436
    Engeletin

    黄杞苷

    Inhibitor 99.88%
    Engeletin 是从 Smilax glabra Roxb. 中得到的黄酮苷类物质,能够抑制 NF-κB 信号通路的激活,具有抗炎、缓解疼痛、利尿、消肿、抗菌等作用。
    Engeletin
  • HY-N0515
    Ophiopogonin D

    麦冬皂苷D

    Inhibitor 99.54%
    Ophiopogonin D 是从麦冬 (Ophiopogon japonicus) 的块茎中分离的,是一种罕见的天然存在的 C29 甾体糖苷。Ophiopogonin D 是 CYP2J3 诱导剂,其通过增加人脐静脉内皮细胞 (HUVECs) 中 CYP2J2/EETs 和 PPARα 的表达,显着抑制 Ang II 诱导的 NF-κB 核转位,IκBα 下调,细胞内 Ca2+ 过载和促炎细胞因子的激活。Ophiopogonin D 已被用于炎症和心血管疾病的相关研究。
    Ophiopogonin D
  • HY-14621
    Zingerone

    姜酮

    Inhibitor 99.79%
    Zingerone (Vanillylacetone) 是一种无毒的甲氧基苯酚,从生姜中得到,具有抗炎、抗糖尿病、抗脂质过敏、抗腹泻、抗痉挛和抗肿瘤等活性。Zingerone 能够缓解氧化应激和炎症,下调 NF-κB 介导的信号通路。Zingerone 作为抗有丝分裂剂,能够抑制神经母细胞瘤的生长。
    Zingerone
  • HY-16172
    DMAPT Inhibitor ≥98.0%
    DMAPT (Dimethylamino Parthenolide) 是Parthenolide (PTL) 的类似物,是具有口服活性的 NF-κB 抑制剂,对原发性急性髓性白血病细胞的LD50 值为1.7 μM。具有潜在的抗肿瘤和抗转移作用。
    DMAPT
  • HY-N6602
    α-Solanine

    α-茄碱

    Inhibitor 99.89%
    α-solanine 是Solanum nigrum中的一种生物活性成分,是主要的甾体类生物碱之一,可抑制癌细胞的生长并诱导其凋亡 (apoptosis)。
    α-Solanine
  • HY-14806B
    Teneligliptin hydrobromide hydrate

    氢溴酸替格列汀水合物

    Inhibitor 99.87%
    Teneligliptin (MP-513) hydrobromide hydrate 是一种口服活性的和选择性的二肽基肽酶 4 (DPP-4) 抑制剂 (对人和大鼠酶的 IC50s 分别为 0.37 和 0.29 nM)。Teneligliptin hydrobromide hydrate 可改善血糖水平,可用于 2 型糖尿病相关的研究。
    Teneligliptin hydrobromide hydrate
  • HY-N0634
    Cimifugin

    升麻素

    Inhibitor 99.95%
    Cimifugin (Cimitin) 是中草药 Cimicifuga racemosa 的生物活性成分。Cimifugin 通过调节紧密连接减少上皮衍生的主动关键因子,从而可以抑制过敏性炎症。Cimifugin 可降低 RAW264.7 细胞的迁移和趋化性,抑制LPS 诱导的炎症因子的释放和 MAPKNF-κB 信号通路的激活。
    Cimifugin
  • HY-N6257
    Cafestol

    咖啡醇

    Inhibitor 99.91%
    Cafestol 是具有口服活性的二萜类化合物和 ERK2 的抑制剂。Cafestol 具有升高血脂、抗炎、抗血管生成和抗糖尿病的活性。此外,Cafestol 可诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡 (apoptosis) 和自噬 (autophagy),可用于癌症的研究。
    Cafestol
  • HY-N0919
    Yangonin

    甲氧醉椒素

    Inhibitor 99.79%
    Yangonin 对人重组大麻素 CB1 受体具有高的亲和力,IC50Ki 分别为 1.79 μM 和 0.72 μM。
    Yangonin
  • HY-N0668
    Rubusoside

    甜茶苷

    Inhibitor 98.58%
    Rubusoside 一种二萜糖苷,还是一种甜味剂和增溶剂,具有抗血管新生、抗癌、抗肥胖、抗过敏和抗哮喘作用。Rubusoside 能够减弱气道高反应性并减少了支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)内的炎症细胞,减少 OVA (HY-W250978) 诱导的气道炎症。Rubusoside 还能够防止胰腺 INS-1 细胞中棕榈酸诱导的脂毒性,减少人类葡萄糖转运蛋白 GLUT-1 和果糖 GLUT-5 的转运,抑制 NF-κB 和 α-淀粉酶 (α-amylase)。
    Rubusoside
  • HY-N0738
    Stachydrine hydrochloride

    盐酸水苏碱

    Inhibitor ≥98.0%
    Stachydrine hydrochloride 是益母草的主要活性成分,可用于心血管疾病的研究。Stachydrine hydrochloride 可以抑制 NF-κB 信号通路。具有抗心肌肥大活性 。
    Stachydrine hydrochloride
目录号 产品名 / 同用名 应用 反应物种

NF-κB transcription factors are critical regulators of immunity, stress responses, apoptosis and differentiation. In mammals, there are five members of the transcription factor NF-κB family: RELA (p65), RELB and c-REL, and the precursor proteins NF-κB1 (p105) and NF-κB2 (p100), which are processed into p50 and p52, respectively. NF-κB transcription factors bind as dimers to κB sites in promoters and enhancers of a variety of genes and induce or repress transcription. NF-κB activation occurs via two major signaling pathways: the canonical and the non-canonical NF-κB signaling pathways[1]

 

The canonical NF-κB pathway is triggered by signals from a large variety of immune receptors, such as TNFR, TLR, and IL-1R, which activate TAK1. TAK1 then activates IκB kinase (IKK) complex, composed of catalytic (IKKα and IKKβ) and regulatory (NEMO) subunits, via phosphorylation of IKKβ. Upon stimulation, the IKK complex, largely through IKKβ, phosphorylates members of the inhibitor of κB (IκB) family, such as IκBα and the IκB-like molecule p105, which sequester NF-κB members in the cytoplasm. IκBα associates with dimers of p50 and members of the REL family (RELA or c-REL), whereas p105 associates with p50 or REL (RELA or c-REL). Upon phosphorylation by IKK, IκBα and p105 are degradated in the proteasome, resulting in the nuclear translocation of canonical NF-κB family members, which bind to specific DNA elements, in the form of various dimeric complexes, including RELA-p50, c-REL-p50, and p50-p50. Atypical, IKK-independent pathways of NF-κB induction also provide mechanisms to integrate parallel signaling pathways to increase NF-κB activity, such as hypoxia, UV and genotoxic stress.

 

The non-canonical NF-κB pathway is induced by certain TNF superfamily members, such as CD40L, BAFF and lymphotoxin-β (LT-β), which stimulates the recruitment of TRAF2, TRAF3, cIAP1/2 to the receptor complex. Activated cIAP mediates K48 ubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation of TRAF3, resulting in stabilization and accumulation of the NFκB-inducing kinase (NIK). NIK phosphorylates and activates IKKα, which in turn phosphorylates p100, triggering p100 processing, and leading to the generation of p52 and the nuclear translocation of p52 and RELB[2][3].

 

Reference:

[1]. Oeckinghaus A, et al. The NF-kappaB family of transcription factors and its regulation.Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2009 Oct;1(4):a000034. 
[2]. Taniguchi K, et al. NF-κB, inflammation, immunity and cancer: coming of age. Nat Rev Immunol. 2018 May;18(5):309-324.
[3]. Perkins ND,et al. Integrating cell-signalling pathways with NF-kappaB and IKK function. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2007 Jan;8(1):49-62.

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