AZIN2 - antizyme inhibitor 2 Gene

中文名称：抗酶抑制因子 2

种属: Homo sapiens

同用名: ADC; AZI2; ODCp; AZIB1; ODC-p; ODC1L

关于 AZIN2

功能概要

该基因编码的蛋白质属于抗酶抑制剂家族，通过维持细胞内的多胺稳态在细胞生长和增殖中发挥作用。抗酶抑制剂是鸟氨酸脱羧酶 (ODC，多胺生物合成中的关键酶) 的同系物，已失去鸟氨酸脱羧酶的能力；但是，保留与抗酶结合的能力。抗酶通过与 ODC 结合并靶向其降解以及通过抑制多胺摄取来负向调节细胞内多胺水平。抗酶抑制剂通过隔离抗酶并中和它们的作用而作为多胺水平的正调节剂发挥作用。该基因编码抗酶抑制剂 2，是该基因家族的第二个成员。与抗酶抑制剂 1 一样，抗酶抑制剂 2 与所有 3 种抗酶相互作用并刺激 ODC 活性和多胺摄取。然而，与普遍表达并定位于细胞核和细胞质中的抗酶抑制剂 1 不同，抗酶抑制剂 2 主要表达于脑和睾丸，并定位于内质网-高尔基体中间室。最近的研究表明，抗酶抑制剂 2 也在卵巢、肾上腺和胰腺的特定细胞类型以及肥大细胞中表达。该基因的确切功能尚不清楚，但现有数据表明其在细胞生长、精子发生、水泡运输和分泌中的作用。在阿尔茨海默病患者的大脑中也观察到了抗酶抑制剂 2 的积累。文献和数据库中对该基因的命名存在混淆，源于早期的一份报告，即人类 cDNA 克隆 (与 ODCp/AZIN2 相同) 具有精氨酸脱羧酶 (ADC) 活性 (PMID:14738999) 。随后对人类和小鼠的研究表明，抗酶抑制剂 2 缺乏精氨酸脱羧酶活性 (PMID:19956990) 。已经描述了该基因的可变剪接转录物变体。[RefSeq 提供，2014 年 9 月]

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the antizyme inhibitor family, which plays a role in cell growth and proliferation by maintaining polyamine homeostasis within the cell. Antizyme inhibitors are homologs of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC, the key Enzyme in polyamine biosynthesis) that have lost the ability to decarboxylase ornithine; however, retain the ability to bind to antizymes. Antizymes negatively regulate intracellular polyamine levels by binding to ODC and targeting it for degradation, as well as by inhibiting polyamine uptake. Antizyme inhibitors function as positive regulators of polyamine levels by sequestering antizymes and neutralizing their effect. This gene encodes antizyme inhibitor 2, the second member of this gene family. Like antizyme inhibitor 1, antizyme inhibitor 2 interacts with all 3 antizymes and stimulates ODC activity and polyamine uptake. However, unlike antizyme inhibitor 1, which is ubiquitously expressed and localized in the nucleus and cytoplasm, antizyme inhibitor 2 is predominantly expressed in the brain and testis and localized in the endoplasmic reticulum-golgi intermediate compartment. Recent studies indicate that antizyme inhibitor 2 is also expressed in specific cell types in ovaries, adrenal glands and pancreas, and in mast cells. The exact function of this gene is not known, however, available data suggest its role in cell growth, spermiogenesis, vesicular trafficking and secretion. Accumulation of antizyme inhibitor 2 has also been observed in brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease. There has been confusion in literature and databases over the nomenclature of this gene, stemming from an earlier report that a human cDNA clone (identical to ODCp/AZIN2) had arginine decarboxylase (ADC) activity (PMID:14738999). Subsequent studies in human and mouse showed that antizyme inhibitor 2 was devoid of arginine decarboxylase activity (PMID:19956990). Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014]