TXNRD1 - thioredoxin reductase 1 Gene

中文名称：硫氧还蛋白还原酶 1

种属: Homo sapiens

同用名: TR; TR1; TXNR; TRXR1; GRIM-12

关于 TXNRD1

功能概要

该基因编码的蛋白质属于吡啶核苷酸二硫化物氧化还原酶家族，是硫氧还蛋白 (Trx) 系统的成员。在哺乳动物中发现了三种硫氧还蛋白还原酶 (TrxR) 同工酶。 TrxR 是含硒代半胱氨酸的黄素酶，可减少硫氧还蛋白以及其他底物，并在氧化还原稳态中发挥关键作用。该基因编码一种普遍表达的细胞溶质形式的 TrxR，其作为含有 FAD 和活性位点硒代半胱氨酸 (Sec) 的同型二聚体发挥作用。 Sec 由通常发出翻译终止信号的 UGA 密码子编码。硒蛋白 mRNA 的 3' UTR 包含一个保守的茎环结构，即 Sec 插入序列 (SECIS) 元件，这是将 UGA 识别为 Sec 密码子而不是终止信号所必需的。主要在 5' 端的可变剪接导致转录变体编码相同或不同的亚型，包括主要在睾丸中表达的含谷氧还蛋白的亚型。[RefSeq 提供，2017 年 5 月]

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the pyridine nucleotide-disulfide oxidoreductase family, and is a member of the thioredoxin (Trx) system. Three thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) isozymes are found in mammals. TrxRs are selenocysteine-containing flavoenzymes, which reduce thioredoxins, as well as other substrates, and play a key role in redox homoeostasis. This gene encodes an ubiquitously expressed, cytosolic form of TrxR, which functions as a homodimer containing FAD, and selenocysteine (Sec) at the active site. Sec is encoded by UGA codon that normally signals translation termination. The 3' UTRs of selenoprotein mRNAs contain a conserved stem-loop structure, the Sec insertion sequence (SECIS) element, which is necessary for the recognition of UGA as a Sec codon rather than as a stop signal. Alternative splicing, primarily at the 5' end, results in transcript variants encoding same or different isoforms, including a glutaredoxin-containing isoform that is predominantly expressed in testis. [provided by RefSeq, May 2017]