CCL25  (趋化因子 CCL25)

CCL25，又称胸腺表达趋化因子 TECK，一种 CC 趋化因子家族的小细胞因子，在人类基因组中位于第 19 号染色体上。CCL25 主要表达于胸腺和肠上皮，也可由血管内皮细胞等实质细胞产生，可将未成熟的T细胞 迁移至胸腺成熟释放。对胸腺细胞、巨噬细胞和树突细胞具有趋化作用，可以与趋化因子受体 CCR9 结合作用。其中，CCR9 作为一种 G 蛋白偶联受体被发现，表达于树突状细胞、中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞、单核巨噬细胞和血管内皮细胞的细胞膜上。CCR9 属于 β-趋化因子受体家族，基因位于 3 号染色体 p21.31。CCL25-CCR9 参与 T 细胞的发育和细胞迁移小肠的过程，以及多种炎症性疾病并促进炎症反应，包括心血管疾病（CVD）、肝炎、关节炎。CCL25 与 CCR9 的相互作用也可以通过 Akt/蛋白激酶 B 激活抑制细胞凋亡，从而在胸腺成熟过程中支持 T 细胞存活^[1][2]。

CCL25, also known as thymus-expressing chemokine TECK, a small cell factor of the CC chemokine family, is located on chromosome 19 in the human genome. CCL25 is mainly expressed in the thymus and intestinal epithelium, but can also be produced by parenchymal cells such as vascular endothelial cells, which can migrate immature T cells to the thymus for mature release. It is chemotactic for thymocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells and can act in combination with the chemokine receptor CCR9. Among others, CCR9 is found as a G protein-coupled receptor expressed on the cell membranes of dendritic cells, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocyte macrophages and vascular endothelial cells. CCR9 belongs to the β-chemokine receptor family and the gene is located on chromosome 3 at p21.31. CCL25-CCR9 is involved in the development of T cells and cell migration to the small intestine, as well as in a variety of inflammatory diseases and promotes inflammatory responses, including cardiovascular disease (CVD), hepatitis, and arthritis. The interaction of CCL25 with CCR9 also supports T cell survival during thymic maturation by inhibiting apoptosis through Akt/protein kinase B activation^[1][2].

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