Citrinin-¹³C₁₃  (Synonyms: 桔霉素-¹³C₁₃; NSC 186-¹³C₁₃₎

Citrinin-¹³C₁₃ (NSC 186-¹³C₁₃) is the ¹³C labeled Citrinin (HY-N6746). Citrinin (NSC 186) is a mycotoxin that causes food contamination and has different toxic effects. Citrinin is an effective oral anticancer agent. Citrinin has various regulatory effects on mouse immune system, including regulating the number of immune cells, inducing apoptosis and autophagy of immune cells, altering toll-like receptor expression and cytokine production. Citrinin can induce oxidative stress and lead to early apoptosis of oocytes. Low doses of Citrinin have neuroprotective effects against glutamate-induced excitotoxicity in rat cortical neurons. In addition, Citrinin also has antibacterial activity^{[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]}.

氢、碳和其他元素的稳定重同位素已被纳入药物分子中，主要作为药物开发过程中定量的示踪剂。氘化引起了人们的关注，因为它可能影响药物的药代动力学和代谢谱^[1]。

MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

263.15

¹³C₁₃H₁₄O₅

518-75-2

桔霉素-¹³C₁₃

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Please store the product under the recommended conditions in the Certificate of Analysis.

• [1]. Russak EM, et al. Impact of Deuterium Substitution on the Pharmacokinetics of Pharmaceuticals. Ann Pharmacother. 2019 Feb;53(2):211-220.  [Content Brief]

  [2]. de Oliveira Filho JWG, et al, A comprehensive review on biological properties of citrinin. Food Chem Toxicol. 2017 Dec;110:130-141.  [Content Brief]

  [3]. Čulig B, et al. PRESENCE OF CITRININ IN GRAINS AND ITS POSSIBLE HEALTH EFFECTS. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med. 2017 Mar 1;14(3):22-30  [Content Brief]

  [4]. Islam MR, et al. Immune modulatory effects of the foodborne contaminant citrinin in mice. Food Chem Toxicol. 2012 Oct;50(10):3537-47.  [Content Brief]

  [5]. de Oliveira Filho JWG, et al. Citrinin against breast cancer: A cytogenotoxicological study. Phytother Res. 2021 Jan;35(1):504-516.  [Content Brief]

  [6]. Wu Y, et al. Citrinin exposure affects oocyte maturation and embryo development by inducing oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis. Oncotarget. 2017 May 23;8(21):34525-34533.  [Content Brief]

  [7]. Nakajima Y, et al. Low doses of the mycotoxin citrinin protect cortical neurons against glutamate-induced excitotoxicity. J Toxicol Sci. 2016 Apr;41(2):311-9.  [Content Brief]