Tumor-derived exosomes drive immunosuppressive macrophages in a pre-metastatic niche through glycolytic dominant metabolic reprogramming

Affiliations

• 1 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA; Division of Immunotherapy, The Hiram C. Polk, Jr., MD Department of Surgery, Immuno-Oncology Program, Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.
• 2 Division of Immunotherapy, The Hiram C. Polk, Jr., MD Department of Surgery, Immuno-Oncology Program, Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA; Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, Jiangxi, Nanchang, China.
• 3 Division of Immunotherapy, The Hiram C. Polk, Jr., MD Department of Surgery, Immuno-Oncology Program, Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.
• 4 Department of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Research Institute of Zhejiang University, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China; Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
• 5 Department of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Research Institute of Zhejiang University, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China.
• 6 Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
• 7 Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.
• 8 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.
• 9 Department of Radiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.
• 10 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.
• 11 Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.
• 12 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA; Division of Immunotherapy, The Hiram C. Polk, Jr., MD Department of Surgery, Immuno-Oncology Program, Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA. Electronic address: jun.yan@louisville.edu.