1. Signaling Pathways
  2. Apoptosis
  3. MDM-2/p53

MDM-2/p53 

p53 肿瘤抑制因子是响应多种细胞损伤而导致生长停滞、衰老和凋亡的主要介质。p53 是一种短寿命蛋白质,在正常细胞中维持在较低水平,通常无法检测到。在压力条件下,p53 蛋白在细胞中积累,以四聚体形式与 p53 反应元件结合并诱导各种基因的转录。

MDM-2 由 p53 转录激活,而 MDM-2 反过来以多种方式抑制 p53 活性。MDM-2 与 p53 转录激活域结合,从而抑制 p53 介导的转录激活。MDM-2 还包含类似于各种病毒蛋白的核输出信号的信号序列,在与 p53 结合后,它会诱导其核输出。由于 p53 是一种转录因子,它需要位于细胞核中才能接触 DNA; MDM-2 将其转运至细胞质可防止这种情况发生。最后,MDM-2 是一种泛素连接酶,因此能够靶向 p53 并由蛋白酶体降解。

在许多肿瘤中,p53 因负调节因子 MDM2 和 MDM4 的过度表达或 MDM2 抑制剂 ARF 的活性丧失而失活。这些肿瘤中的该通路可以通过抑制 MDM2 和/或 MDM4 与 p53 相互作用的小分子重新激活。此类分子目前正在临床试验中。

The p53 tumor suppressor is a principal mediator of growth arrest, senescence, and apoptosis in response to a broad array of cellular damage. p53 is a short-lived protein that is maintained at low, often undetectable, levels in normal cells. Under stress conditions, the p53 protein accumulates in the cell, binds in its tetrameric form to p53-response elements and induces the transcription of various genes.

MDM-2 is transcriptionally activated by p53 and MDM-2, in turn, inhibits p53 activity in several ways. MDM-2 binds to the p53 transactivation domain and thereby inhibits p53-mediated transactivation. MDM-2 also contains a signal sequence that is similar to the nuclear export signal of various viral proteins and, after binding to p53, it induces its nuclear export. As p53 is a transcription factor, it needs to be in the nucleus to be able to access the DNA; its transport to the cytoplasm by MDM-2 prevents this. Finally, MDM-2 is a ubiquitin ligase, so is able to target p53 for degradation by the proteasome.

In many tumors p53 is inactivated by the overexpression of the negative regulators MDM2 and MDM4 or by the loss of activity of the MDM2 inhibitor ARF. The pathway can be reactivated in these tumors by small molecules that inhibit the interaction of MDM2 and/or MDM4 with p53. Such molecules are now in clinical trials.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-U00442
    CTX1 MDM2 Inhibitor
    CTX1 是一种 p53 激活物,可以克服 HdmX 介导的 p53 抑制。CTX1 在小鼠急性髓系白血病 (AML) 模型中显示出强大的抗癌活性。
    CTX1
  • HY-117857
    MRT00033659 p53 Activator 99.77%
    MRT00033659 是一种有效的广谱激酶抑制剂,抑制 CK1 (对 CK1δ:IC50=0.9 μM) 和 CHK1 (IC50=0.23 μM)。MRT00033659 是一种吡唑并吡啶类似物,可以诱导 p53 途径活化和 E2F-1 不稳定。
    MRT00033659
  • HY-108637A
    PhiKan 083 hydrochloride p53 Activator 99.01%
    PhiKan 083 hydrochloride 是一种咔唑衍生物,可以稳定 p53 的突变体 Y220CKd 值为 167 μM,在 Ln229 细胞中,相对亲和力 (Kd) 为 150 μM;PhiKan 083 可用于癌症研究。
    PhiKan 083 hydrochloride
  • HY-128840
    PROTAC MDM2 Degrader-1 MDM2 Inhibitor 98.11%
    PROTAC MDM2 Degrader-1 (化合物 15a) 是一种 MDM2 PROTAC 降解剂。PROTAC MDM2 Degrader-1 的 Linker 两端结构均为 MDM2 配体。PROTAC MDM2 Degrader-1 不仅能够阻断 p53-MDM2 的结合,而且可以利用 MDM2 自身 E3 连接酶的作用降解目标 MDM2 蛋白从而发挥抗肿瘤作用。(粉色: MDM2 配体 2 (HY-128836); 黑色: 连接子 (HY-128844); 蓝色: E3 泛素连接酶配体 15 (HY-128836))
    PROTAC MDM2 Degrader-1
  • HY-149306
    MS78 99.38%
    MS78 是一种乙酰化靶向嵌合体 (AceTAC),可乙酰化 p53 肿瘤抑制蛋白。MS78 招募组蛋白乙酰转移酶 p300/CBP 来乙酰化 p53Y220C 突变体。MS78 上调 TRAIL 凋亡基因并下调 DNA 损伤反应信号通路。MS78 包含 CBP/p300 结合物、p53Y220C 结合物和 linker。
    MS78
  • HY-W034419
    STIMA-1

    2-乙烯基-3H-4-喹唑啉酮

    p53 Activator 99.94%
    STIMA-1 可在体外刺激突变型 p53 DNA 结合,诱导 p53 靶蛋白表达,并引发突变型 p53 表达人类肿瘤细胞中的细胞凋亡 (apoptosis)。
    STIMA-1
  • HY-108636
    RETRA p53 Activator 99.42%
    RETRA 是一种突变型 p53 依赖性 p73 激活剂,可抑制携带突变型 p53 的癌细胞。RETRA 增加 p73 的表达水平,并从与突变体 p53 的阻断复合物中释放 p73,从而产生肿瘤抑制作用。
    RETRA
  • HY-P2096
    Hexapeptide-11 Inhibitor 99.52%
    Hexapeptide-11 是一种生物活性肽与 anti-aging 效果。Hexapeptide-11通过介导细胞蛋白的下调,如 ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM)p53,保护成纤维细胞免受氧化应激 (oxidative stress) 介导的过早细胞衰老。
    Hexapeptide-11
  • HY-132595
    Teprasiran p53 Inhibitor
    Teprasiran (QPI-1002) 是一种小干扰 RNA,可抑制急性肾损伤中p53 介导的细胞死亡。
    Teprasiran
  • HY-W013053
    Dibenz[a,h]anthracene

    二苯并[a,h]蒽

    ≥98.0%
    Dibenz[a,h]anthracene (DBA) 是一种具有显着致瘤性的多环芳烃 (PAH)。Dibenz[a,h]anthracene 导致 DNA 加合物形成,从而激活 DNA 损伤反应。Dibenz[a,h]anthracene 通过 Tp53 依赖性和 Tp53 独立机制诱导细胞周期停滞和细胞凋亡
    Dibenz[a,h]anthracene
  • HY-111550
    Bragsin2 Inhibitor 99.85%
    Bragsin2 是一种有效、选择性、和非竞争性的核苷酸交换因子 BRAG2 抑制剂,IC50 值为 3 μM。Bragsin2 结合于 BRAG2 的 PH 结构域和磷脂双分子层的界面处,导致 BRAG2 无法激活磷脂化的 Arf GTPase。Bragsin2 能够影响乳腺癌干细胞。
    Bragsin2
  • HY-100383
    BH3I-1 MDM2 Inhibitor ≥98.0%
    BH3I-1 是一种 Bcl-2家族 拮抗剂,抑制 Bak BH3 肽与 Bcl-xL 结合,Ki 为 2.4±0.2 μM。BH3I-1 作用于 p53/mDM2Kd 为 5.3 μM。
    BH3I-1
  • HY-16138A
    Ivaltinostat formic Activator 98.26%
    Ivaltinostat (CG-200745) formic 是一种口服有效的泛 HDAC 抑制剂,具有异羟肟酸部分,可在催化袋底部结合锌。Ivaltinostat formic 抑制组蛋白 H3 和微管蛋白的脱乙酰作用。Ivaltinostat formic 诱导 p53 的积累,促进 p53 依赖性反式激活,并增强 MDM2 和 p21 (Waf1/Cip1) 蛋白的表达。Ivaltinostat formic 可增强 Gemcitabine 耐药细胞对 Gemcitabine (HY-16138) 和 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU; HY-90006) 的敏感性。Ivaltinostat formic 诱导凋亡并具有抗肿瘤作用。
    Ivaltinostat formic
  • HY-132595A
    Teprasiran sodium
    Teprasiran sodium 是一种小干扰 RNA,可抑制急性肾损伤中p53 介导的细胞死亡。
    Teprasiran sodium
  • HY-12296A
    (3S,5S,6R)-Navtemadlin Control
    (3S,5S,6R)-Navtemadlin 是 Navtemadlin (HY-12296) 的异构体,可作为实验中的对照化合物。Navtemadlin (AMG 232) 是一种有效,选择性,可口服的 p53-MDM2 相互作用抑制剂,IC50 值为 0.6 nM,与 MDM2 结合的 Kd 为 0.045 nM。
    (3S,5S,6R)-Navtemadlin
  • HY-W011434
    Triglycidyl isocyanurate p53 Activator ≥98.0%
    Triglycidyl isocyanurate (TGIC; Teroxirone) 是一种具有抗血管生成和抗肿瘤活性的三氮烯三环氧化合物。Triglycidyl isocyanurate 通过 p53 的激活抑制非小细胞肺癌细胞的生长。Triglycidyl isocyanurate 诱导细胞凋亡 (apoptosis)。Triglycidyl isocyanurate 可用于癌症研究。
    Triglycidyl isocyanurate
  • HY-17412R
    Minocycline (hydrochloride) (Standard)

    盐酸米诺环素 (标准品)

    p53 Activator
    Minocycline (hydrochloride) (Standard) 是 Minocycline (hydrochloride) 的分析标准品。本产品用于研究及分析应用。 Minocycline hydrochloride 是一种口服有效、能透过血脑屏障的半合成四环素类抗生素。Minocycline hydrochloride 是一种缺氧诱导因子 (HIF-1α) 抑制剂。Minocycline hydrochloride 具有抗癌(anti-cancer),抗炎(anti-inflammatory) 和谷氨酸 (glutamate) 拮抗作用。Minocycline hydrochloride 降低谷氨酸神经传递,显示神经保护特性和抗抑郁作用。Minocycline hydrochloride 通过与细菌核糖体30S亚基结合,抑制细菌蛋白的合成,从而产生抑菌 (bacteriostatic) 作用。
    Minocycline (hydrochloride) (Standard)
  • HY-108640A
    HLI373 dihydrochloride MDM2 Inhibitor ≥98.0%
    HLI373 dihydrochloride 是一种有效的 Hdm2 抑制剂。HLI373 抑制 Hdm2 泛素连接酶活性。HLI373 dihydrochloride 可有效诱导肿瘤细胞 (对 DNA 破坏剂敏感的) 凋亡 (apoptosis)。具有抗疟疾 (antimalarial) 活性。
    HLI373 dihydrochloride
  • HY-U00447
    PK11000 p53 Activator 99.56%
    PK11000是一种烷基化剂,通过共价半胱氨酸修饰稳定WT和突变体p53蛋白的DNA结合域,而不影响DNA结合。PK11000 具有抗肿瘤活性。
    PK11000
  • HY-70027A
    p53 and MDM2 proteins-interaction-inhibitor dihydrochloride MDM2 Inhibitor 99.56%
    p53 and MDM2 proteins-interaction-inhibitor dihydrochloride 是p53与MDM2相互作用抑制剂。
    p53 and MDM2 proteins-interaction-inhibitor dihydrochloride
目录号 产品名 / 同用名 应用 反应物种

p53 is at the centre of biological interactions that translates stress signals into cell cycle arrest or apoptosis. Upstream signaling to p53 increases its level and activates its function as a transcription factor in response to a wide variety of stresses, whereas downstream components execute the appropriate cellular response. 

 

Cell Stress: p53 induction by acute DNA damage begins when DNA double-strand breaks trigger activation of ATM, a kinase that phosphorylates the CHK2 kinase, or when stalled or collapsed DNA replication forks recruit ATR, which phosphorylates CHK1. p53 is a substrate for both the ATM and ATR kinases, as well as for CHK1 and CHK2, which coordinately phosphorylate p53 to promote its stabilization. These phosphorylation events are important for p53 stabilization, as some of the modifications disrupt the interaction between p53 and its negative regulators MDM2 and MDM4. MDM2 and MDM4 bind to the transcriptional activation domains of p53, thereby inhibiting p53 transactivation function, and MDM2 has additional activity as an E3 ubiquitin ligase that causes proteasome-mediated degradation of p53. Phosphorylation also allows the interaction of p53 with transcriptional cofactors, which is ultimately important for activation of target genes and for responses such as cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, apoptosis and senescence. Non-receptor tyrosine kinase c-Abl can also be activated by DNA damage. Then the JNK/p38 is activated and leads to p53 activation[1][2]

 

Oncogenic signaling: The response to oncogene activation depends on the binding of ARF to MDM2. ARF is normally expressed at low levels in cells. Inappropriately increased E2F or Myc signals, stemming from oncogene activation, leads to the increased expression of ARF, which inhibits MDM2 by blocking its E3 ubiquitin ligase activity, uncoupling the p53-MDM2 interaction, thereby segregating it from nucleoplasmic p53[3].

 

The PI3K-Akt pathway activates MDM2 and increases the ubiquitination of p53. 

 

Reference:
[1]. Chène P, et al. Inhibiting the p53-MDM2 interaction: an important target for cancer therapy. Nat Rev Cancer. 2003 Feb;3(2):102-9.
[2]. Brown CJ, et al. Awakening guardian angels: drugging the p53 pathway. Nat Rev Cancer. 2009 Dec;9(12):862-73. 
[3]. Polager S, et al. p53 and E2f: partners in life and death. Nat Rev Cancer. 2009 Oct;9(10):738-48. doi: 10.1038/nrc2718.