Programmed Cell Death 4 (PDCD4) 

Programmed Cell Death 4 (PDCD4) is a critical tumor suppressor protein that plays a pivotal role in regulating apoptosis, cell proliferation, and immune responses by modulating gene translation and transcription. PDCD4 primarily exerts its function by binding to eukaryotic initiation factor 4A (eIF4A), inhibiting its helicase activity and preventing the translation of oncogenic mRNAs with complex 5' UTRs, such as cyclin D1 and c-myc^[1]. Additionally, PDCD4 suppresses the transcriptional activity of AP-1 and NF-κB, further contributing to its anti-tumor effects^[2]. Downregulation or loss of PDCD4 has been observed in various cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma, lung cancer, and breast cancer, where it correlates with tumor progression, metastasis, and poor prognosis^[3]. Due to its tumor-suppressive functions, PDCD4 has emerged as a potential therapeutic target.

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