2. Academic Validation
  3. Single-cell RNA-sequencing of herpes simplex virus 1-infected cells connects NRF2 activation to an antiviral program

Single-cell RNA-sequencing of herpes simplex virus 1-infected cells connects NRF2 activation to an antiviral program

  • Nat Commun. 2019 Oct 25;10(1):4878. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-12894-z.
Emanuel Wyler 1,  Vedran Franke 1,  Jennifer Menegatti 2,  Christine Kocks 1,  Anastasiya Boltengagen 1,  Samantha Praktiknjo 1,  Barbara Walch-Rückheim 3,  Jens Bosse 4,  Nikolaus Rajewsky 1,  Friedrich Grässer 2,  Altuna Akalin 5,  Markus Landthaler 6 7
Affiliations

Affiliations

  • 1 Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany.
  • 2 Institute of Virology, Saarland University Medical School, Kirrbergerstrasse Haus, 4766421, Homburg/Saar, Germany.
  • 3 Institute of Virology and Center of Human und Molecular Biology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany.
  • 4 Heinrich Pette Institute (HPI), Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany.
  • 5 Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany. altuna.akalin@mdc-berlin.de.
  • 6 Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany. markus.landthaler@mdc-berlin.de.
  • 7 IRI Life Sciences, Institute für Biologie, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Philippstraße 13, 10115, Berlin, Germany. markus.landthaler@mdc-berlin.de.
PMID: 31653857 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12894-z
Abstract

Herpesvirus Infection initiates a range of perturbations in the host cell, which remain poorly understood at the level of individual cells. Here, we quantify the transcriptome of single human primary fibroblasts during the first hours of lytic Infection with HSV-1. By applying a generalizable analysis scheme, we define a precise temporal order of early viral gene expression and propose a set-wise emergence of viral genes. We identify host cell genes and pathways relevant for Infection by combining three different computational approaches: gene and pathway overdispersion analysis, prediction of cell-state transition probabilities, as well as future cell states. One transcriptional program, which correlates with increased resistance to Infection, implicates the transcription factor NRF2. Consequently, Bardoxolone methyl and Sulforaphane, two known NRF2 agonists, impair virus production, suggesting that NRF2 activation restricts viral Infection. Our study provides insights into early stages of HSV-1 Infection and serves as a general blueprint for the investigation of heterogeneous cell states in virus Infection.

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