Anacardic Acid  (Synonyms: 漆树酸; Hydroginkgolic acid; Ginkgolic Acid C15:0)

Briefly, indicated amounts of proteins/peptide are incubated in HAT assay buffer containing 50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.0, 10% (v/v) glycerol, 1 mM dithiothreitol, 1 mM phenylmethyl sulfonyl fluoride, 0.1 mM EDTA, pH 8.0, 10 mM sodium butyrate at 30°C for 10 min in the presence or absence of compound followed by the addition of 1 μL of 6.2 Ci/mmol [³H]acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) and are further incubated for another 10 min. The final reaction volume is 30 μL. The reaction mixture is then blotted onto P-81 filter papers, and radioactive counts are recorded on a Wallac 1409 liquid scintillation counter. To characterize the inhibition kinetics of anacardic acid, filter binding assays are done using a constant amount of HeLa core histones in the presence or absence of AA with increasing concentrations of [³H]acetyl-CoA^[1].

MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Mycelial cell death assay is performed to evaluate the number of colony-forming units in treated and untreated samples. M. oryzae conidia (10⁶ conidia/mL) are allowed to germinate in 100-mL flasks with 20 mL complete medium broth (CM) at 28°C in a rotary shaker (200 rpm) for 12 h. The cultures are exposed to different concentrations of anacardic acid for 2 h. The germinated conidia are washed with sterile water, diluted to 10⁴ conidia/mL, and plated on oat meal agar and incubated at 28°C for 3 days. Colony-forming units (CFUs) are counted in each of the three ndividual experiments performed, and values are plotted in the graph as average of three replicates. The data in each sample is expressed as the percentage of the total number of CFUs observed in untreated or 0.1 % DMSO treated control^[3].

MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Pathogen-free male and female 11-13 week-old C57BL/6 mice (18-20 g) are randomly selected to inject phenylephrine (20 mg/kg) (control groups receive equivalent normal saline). In some cases, phenylephrine-treated C57BL/6 mice are administered with a Chinese herbal extract anacardic acid (5 mg/kg). Anacardic acid is dissolved in sterile DMSO at a concentration of 1 mg/ml and stored at 4°C. Phenylephrine is administered by a subcutaneous injection at a dose of 20 mg per kg per day continuously for 30 days. Moreover, anacardic acid is administered by an intraperitoneal injection at a dose of 5 mg/kg every 3rd day intraperitoneal injection at a dose of 5 mg/kg every 3rd day. After modeling, mice are euthanized using 20% carbon dioxide in an anesthesia chamber until they are unresponsive to nose pinch and the hearts are isolated^[2].

MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

• [1]. Balasubramanyam K, et al. Small molecule modulators of histone acetyltransferase p300. J Biol Chem. 2003 May 23;278(21):19134-40. Epub 2003 Mar 6.  [Content Brief]

  [2]. Peng C, et al. Phenylephrine-induced cardiac hypertrophy is attenuated by a histone acetylase inhibitor anacardic acid in mice. Mol Biosyst. 2017 Mar 28;13(4):714-724.  [Content Brief]

  [3]. Muzaffar S, et al. Anacardic acid induces apoptosis-like cell death in the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2016 Jan;100(1):323-35.  [Content Brief]