1. Signaling Pathways
  2. Apoptosis
  3. MDM-2/p53

MDM-2/p53 

p53 肿瘤抑制因子是响应多种细胞损伤而导致生长停滞、衰老和凋亡的主要介质。p53 是一种短寿命蛋白质,在正常细胞中维持在较低水平,通常无法检测到。在压力条件下,p53 蛋白在细胞中积累,以四聚体形式与 p53 反应元件结合并诱导各种基因的转录。

MDM-2 由 p53 转录激活,而 MDM-2 反过来以多种方式抑制 p53 活性。MDM-2 与 p53 转录激活域结合,从而抑制 p53 介导的转录激活。MDM-2 还包含类似于各种病毒蛋白的核输出信号的信号序列,在与 p53 结合后,它会诱导其核输出。由于 p53 是一种转录因子,它需要位于细胞核中才能接触 DNA; MDM-2 将其转运至细胞质可防止这种情况发生。最后,MDM-2 是一种泛素连接酶,因此能够靶向 p53 并由蛋白酶体降解。

在许多肿瘤中,p53 因负调节因子 MDM2 和 MDM4 的过度表达或 MDM2 抑制剂 ARF 的活性丧失而失活。这些肿瘤中的该通路可以通过抑制 MDM2 和/或 MDM4 与 p53 相互作用的小分子重新激活。此类分子目前正在临床试验中。

The p53 tumor suppressor is a principal mediator of growth arrest, senescence, and apoptosis in response to a broad array of cellular damage. p53 is a short-lived protein that is maintained at low, often undetectable, levels in normal cells. Under stress conditions, the p53 protein accumulates in the cell, binds in its tetrameric form to p53-response elements and induces the transcription of various genes.

MDM-2 is transcriptionally activated by p53 and MDM-2, in turn, inhibits p53 activity in several ways. MDM-2 binds to the p53 transactivation domain and thereby inhibits p53-mediated transactivation. MDM-2 also contains a signal sequence that is similar to the nuclear export signal of various viral proteins and, after binding to p53, it induces its nuclear export. As p53 is a transcription factor, it needs to be in the nucleus to be able to access the DNA; its transport to the cytoplasm by MDM-2 prevents this. Finally, MDM-2 is a ubiquitin ligase, so is able to target p53 for degradation by the proteasome.

In many tumors p53 is inactivated by the overexpression of the negative regulators MDM2 and MDM4 or by the loss of activity of the MDM2 inhibitor ARF. The pathway can be reactivated in these tumors by small molecules that inhibit the interaction of MDM2 and/or MDM4 with p53. Such molecules are now in clinical trials.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-18986
    SAR405838 MDM2 Inhibitor 99.19%
    SAR405838 (MI-77301) 是 MI-773 的类似物,是一种高效、选择性的 MDM2-p53 相互作用抑制剂,与 MDM2 结合的 Ki 值为 0.88 nM。SAR405838 具有强大的抗肿瘤活性。
    SAR405838
  • HY-18343A
    CP-31398 dihydrochloride p53 Activator 99.63%
    CP-31398 dihydrochloride 在 p53 突变或野生型的癌细胞中,稳定 p53 的活性构象、促进 p53 的活性。
    CP-31398 dihydrochloride
  • HY-12025
    Serdemetan MDM2 Inhibitor 99.81%
    Serdemetan(JNJ-26854165)是HDM2泛素连接酶拮抗剂,能诱导p53野生型细胞的早期凋亡。
    Serdemetan
  • HY-124284
    Hexamethylene bisacetamide Inhibitor 99.56%
    Hexamethylene bisacetamide (HMBA) 是一种能通过血脑屏障的分化诱导剂和选择性溴域抑制剂。Hexamethylene bisacetamide 可诱导肿瘤细胞分化和抑制细胞增殖,具有抗肿瘤的活性。Hexamethylene bisacetamide 可通过 Notch1Bcl-2p53 信号通路诱导细胞凋亡 (apoptosis)。 此外,Hexamethylene bisacetamide 可改善小鼠的肥胖表型。
    Hexamethylene bisacetamide
  • HY-B0294
    Flubendazole

    氟苯咪唑

    Activator 99.33%
    Flubendazole 是一种基于改变微管结构、抑制微管蛋白聚合和破坏微管功能的驱虫药。Flubendodium 通过阻断 STAT3 信号轴和自噬激活来诱导人结直肠癌 (CRC) 细胞凋亡。Flubendazole 诱导 P53 表达并减少 Cyclin B1 和 p-cdc2 表达。Flubendazole 是一种抗肿瘤剂。Flubendazole 可用于驱除蠕虫和肠道寄生虫。
    Flubendazole
  • HY-110088
    SCH529074 p53 Activator 99.73%
    SCH529074 是一种具有口服活性的 p53 激活剂。SCH529074 与 p53 DBD 特异性结合并与构象相关,其 Ki 值为 1-2 μM。SCH529074 恢复突变的 p53 功能,并阻断 HDM2 介导的野生型 p53 泛素化。SCH529074 可用于非小细胞肺癌 NSCLC 的研究。
    SCH529074
  • HY-N0068
    Solasodine

    澳洲茄胺

    MDM2 Inhibitor 99.54%
    Solaso​​dine (Purapuridine) 是一种存在于茄科植物中的甾体生物碱。Solaso​​dine 通过抑制 p53-MDM2 复合物、p21Waf1/Cip1 和 Bcl-2 蛋白来诱导细胞凋亡 (apoptosis)。Solaso​​dine 具有神经保护、抗真菌、降压、抗癌、抗动脉粥样硬化、抗雄激素和抗炎活性。
    Solasodine
  • HY-108637
    PhiKan 083 p53 Activator 98.93%
    PhiKan 083 是一种咔唑衍生物,可以稳定 p53 的突变体 Y220CKd 值为 167 μM。PhiKan 083 可用于癌症研究。
    PhiKan 083
  • HY-110182
    SP-141 MDM2 Inhibitor 99.94%
    SP-141 是一种特异性的 MDM2 抑制剂。SP-141 促进 MDM2 自泛素化和降解。SP-141 可用于胰腺癌和乳腺癌的研究。
    SP-141
  • HY-108639
    MIRA-1 p53 Activator 99.76%
    MIRA-1 是一种马来酰亚胺类似物。MIRA-1 可通过恢复 p53 依赖的转录转激活诱导 p53 突变细胞凋亡 (apoptosis)。MIRA-1 具有抗肿瘤活性。
    MIRA-1
  • HY-101666
    HBX 41108 99.61%
    HBX 41108 是泛素特异性蛋白酶 7 (USP7) 的抑制剂,IC50为 424 nM。HBX 41108 抑制 USP7 介导的 p53 去泛素化以稳定 p53 并抑制癌细胞生长。HBX 41108 可用于癌症和糖尿病的研究。
    HBX 41108
  • HY-125858
    MI-1061 MDM2 Inhibitor 99.72%
    MI-1061 是一种有效的,口服可生物利用的,化学稳定性的 MDM2 (MDM2-p53 互作) 抑制剂 (IC50=4.4 nM; Ki=0.16 nM)。MI-1061 激活小鼠 SJSA-1 异种移植瘤组织中 p53 并诱导凋亡,具有抗肿瘤活性。
    MI-1061
  • HY-17493
    MI-773 MDM2 Inhibitor 98.08%
    MI-773 是一种有效的 MDM2-p53 蛋白质相互作用 (PPI) 抑制剂,对 MDM2 具体高结合亲和力 (Kd=8.2 nM)。MI-773 具有抗肿瘤活性。
    MI-773
  • HY-15869
    Inauhzin p53 Activator 99.49%
    Inauhzin 是 SirT1/IMPDH2 的双重抑制剂,同时为 p53 的激活剂,可用于癌症研究。
    Inauhzin
  • HY-15510
    Tenovin-6 p53 Activator 98.33%
    Tenovin-6 是 Tenovin-1 (HY-13423) 的类似物,是一种 p53 转录活性的激活剂。Tenovin-6 Hydrochloride 抑制纯化人 SIRT1、SIRT2 和 SIRT3 蛋白脱乙酰酶活性,IC50 分别为 21 μM、10 μM 和 67 μM。Tenovin-6 也能抑制二氢乳清酸脱氢酶 (DHODH)
    Tenovin-6
  • HY-B0263
    Thiabendazole

    噻菌灵

    99.77%
    Thiabendazole 是一种口服有效性的苯并咪唑类杀菌剂,具有抗真菌、驱虫和抗癌活性。Thiabendazole 可导致生物发育畸形。Thiabendazole 能够用于造模。
    Thiabendazole
  • HY-P0121
    ReACp53 p53 Activator 99.87%
    ReACp53 能够抑制 p53 amyloid 的形成, 挽救 p53 在癌细胞中的作用。
    ReACp53
  • HY-19726
    NSC59984 p53 Activator 99.74%
    NSC59984 通过 MDM2 和泛素-蛋白酶体途径而诱导突变型 p53 蛋白降解。NSC59984 靶向 GOF 突变体 p53,并刺激 p73 恢复 p53 途径的信号传导。
    NSC59984
  • HY-145785A
    ADH-6 TFA Modulator 99.91%
    ADH-6 TFA 是一种三吡啶酰胺化合物。ADH-6 TFA 消除了突变 p53 DBD 的聚集成核亚结构域的自组装。ADH-6 TFA 靶向并解离人类癌细胞中的突变 p53 聚集体,从而恢复 p53 的转录活性,导致细胞周期停滞和细胞凋亡 (apoptosis)。ADH-6 TFA 具有研究癌症疾病的潜力。
    ADH-6 TFA
  • HY-100475
    KYP-2047 p53 Activator 99.93%
    KYP-2047 是一种有效的可透过血脑屏障的脯氨酸寡肽酶 (POP) 抑制剂,其 Ki 值为 0.023 nM。KYP-2047 通过血管生成和凋亡调节来减少胶质母细胞瘤的增殖。
    KYP-2047
目录号 产品名 / 同用名 应用 反应物种

p53 is at the centre of biological interactions that translates stress signals into cell cycle arrest or apoptosis. Upstream signaling to p53 increases its level and activates its function as a transcription factor in response to a wide variety of stresses, whereas downstream components execute the appropriate cellular response. 

 

Cell Stress: p53 induction by acute DNA damage begins when DNA double-strand breaks trigger activation of ATM, a kinase that phosphorylates the CHK2 kinase, or when stalled or collapsed DNA replication forks recruit ATR, which phosphorylates CHK1. p53 is a substrate for both the ATM and ATR kinases, as well as for CHK1 and CHK2, which coordinately phosphorylate p53 to promote its stabilization. These phosphorylation events are important for p53 stabilization, as some of the modifications disrupt the interaction between p53 and its negative regulators MDM2 and MDM4. MDM2 and MDM4 bind to the transcriptional activation domains of p53, thereby inhibiting p53 transactivation function, and MDM2 has additional activity as an E3 ubiquitin ligase that causes proteasome-mediated degradation of p53. Phosphorylation also allows the interaction of p53 with transcriptional cofactors, which is ultimately important for activation of target genes and for responses such as cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, apoptosis and senescence. Non-receptor tyrosine kinase c-Abl can also be activated by DNA damage. Then the JNK/p38 is activated and leads to p53 activation[1][2]

 

Oncogenic signaling: The response to oncogene activation depends on the binding of ARF to MDM2. ARF is normally expressed at low levels in cells. Inappropriately increased E2F or Myc signals, stemming from oncogene activation, leads to the increased expression of ARF, which inhibits MDM2 by blocking its E3 ubiquitin ligase activity, uncoupling the p53-MDM2 interaction, thereby segregating it from nucleoplasmic p53[3].

 

The PI3K-Akt pathway activates MDM2 and increases the ubiquitination of p53. 

 

Reference:
[1]. Chène P, et al. Inhibiting the p53-MDM2 interaction: an important target for cancer therapy. Nat Rev Cancer. 2003 Feb;3(2):102-9.
[2]. Brown CJ, et al. Awakening guardian angels: drugging the p53 pathway. Nat Rev Cancer. 2009 Dec;9(12):862-73. 
[3]. Polager S, et al. p53 and E2f: partners in life and death. Nat Rev Cancer. 2009 Oct;9(10):738-48. doi: 10.1038/nrc2718.